WAR PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES War Pensions and Allowances BY J. M. HOGGE, M.P. AND T. H. GARSIDE HODDER AND STOUGHTON LONDON NEW YORK TORONTO MCMXVIII V PREFACE THE useful history of British War Pensions dates from January 30, 1915, when the Special Report from the Select Committee on Naval and Military Services was published as a White Paper. The scale of pensions set out in that memorandum was rejected by the House of Commons and a Committee was elected to draw up another. It reported on April 14, 1915. The scheme which it adumbrated remained in force until the New Warrants were published. There was also set up a Statutory Committee to deal with circumstances outside the range of the Select Committee's scheme. Eventually an agitation arose for unification, resulting in the creation of a Ministry of Pensions, since when the Statutory Committee has also been incorporated as the Special Grants Committee of the Ministry. Improvements are still being made upon the scheme of award and administration of pensions, but there is much to be done yet before the nation can say that it has receipted the account rendered to it in the devotion of its fighting men and their dependants. This volume is an attempt to place the public in possession of the facts which will enable them to find their way through the intricacies of the Warrants, Orders and Instructions. We desire to express our appreciation of the valuable assistance given to us by Miss Gladys Ralston, especially in the preparation of the index. J. M. HOGGE. T. H. GARSIDE. 387154 CONTENTS PAGB PREFACE ......... 5 CONTENTS ......... 7 INTRODUCTION ........ 9 NEEDED REFORMS 16 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES : ARMY — WIVES . . .31 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES : DEPENDANTS . . .67 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES : NAVY ..... 80 ARMY PENSIONS, ETC 92 NAVAL AND AUXILIARY PENSIONS, ETC. . . . 155 COLONIAL PENSIONS, ETC. . . . . . .201 NURSES, ETC. ........ 226 SPECIAL ALLOWANCES 233 CIVIL LIABILITIES, GRANTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY ALLOW- ANCES ......... 247 TREATMENT AND TRAINING 276 INSURANCE 303 HOSPITAL STOPPAGES AND DEDUCTIONS . . . .321 PAY, SPECIAL RATES, ETC. . . . . . .329 METHOD OF DEALING WITH MEN ENLISTED AT SPECIAL RATES OF PAY 341 MUNITION WORKERS, 344 8 CONTENTS PAGE BOUNTIES; N.R. AND OTHER RESERVE UNITS. . . 348 RETENTIONS AND RE-ENGAGEMENTS . . . .372 MEDALS AND DISTINCTIONS 379 WAR LEGISLATION AND SPECIAL REGULATIONS . .386 WAR ORGANIZATION AND COMMITTEES . . . .401 PAYMASTERS, ETC. ....... 419 APPENDIX I: THE ROYAL AIR FORCE .... 429 APPENDIX II: THE AMENDED WARRANT . . .431 APPENDIX III 438 APPENDIX IV 440 APPENDIX V 443 APPENDIX VI 445 APPENDIX VII .449 INDEX . . .453 INTRODUCTION Chelsea. State grants in aid of disabled soldiers date from the reign of William III. A temporary Act was passed in the year 1662, under the terms of which provision was made for the relief of wounded soldiers who had served in the wars of Charles I and II. This measure, however, threw the burden of provision upon the Local Poor Rate, an incidence that has not been materially altered even to-day. The necessity for some permanent means of relief and support became so strikingly apparent and finally urgent in the days of the Stuarts, to which there were no doubt many contributory causes, that at length the erection of a hospital at Chelsea was decided upon, and the founda- tion stone was laid on March 12, 1682. The structure was erected upon an estate vested in the Crown, but the cost of the building and its upkeep was met by a deduction from the pay of every soldier, a practice that was only discontinued in the year 1847. The Chelsea Commissioners. The Chelsea Commis- sioners are appointed by the Crown, and the Board by which its affairs are managed was first constituted by patent under the seal of William and Mary, March 3, 1691. The Commissioners were given Statutory authority in 1754, but the general law under which they act is set forth in George IV. c. 16, which 'consolidated the law, and placed the payment of pensions, allowances, and relief granted to disabled, invalid, and discharged soldiers — including the out-pensioners of Kilmainham — under the management, control and authority of the Chelsea 9 10 INTRODUCTION Commissioners, and empowered them to make rules and regulations thereto ' (Clode, v. 2, 281). The Chelsea Pensioners. When first the Hospital at Chelsea was established, the intention was to house all soldiers placed upon pension within its walls, and main- tain them out of poundage : the other sources of income were added later, but the number increased so rapidly and to such proportions that this was found to be impossible. In the year 1689 there were 579 men on the pension list, but as the Hospital could only accommodate 472, the remainder had to be placed in out- quarters, and provided for as out-pensioners (Clode, v. 2, p. 277). Some idea of the growth of the pension list may be gathered from the fact that in 1689 the cost was £6,087 17s. lid., while in the year 1713 it had risen to £61,464 5s. Id. This sum was for out-pensioners alone. In the latter year a flat rate of pension was adopted of fivepence per day, except in the case of ' letter men,' that is, Serjeants of the Army appointed by the Commissioners (Clode, v. 2, p. 279). The Army Council and the Chelsea Commissioners act in unison, as will be apparent from a clause in the Royal Pay Warrant for 1914, which states that c it shall rest with our Commissioners of Chelsea to recommend for the approval of our Army Council ' (Par. 1210). And again, * Our Commissioners of Chelsea Hospital may, with the consent of our Army Council ' (Par. 1214). The Ministry of Pensions. Until the passage of the Ministry of Pensions Act, 1916 (6-7 Geo. V.) the responsi- bility for the issue of pensions rested entirely with the Chelsea Commissioners, which Body was appointed by the Crown. This Act transferred to the Ministry of Pen- sions— (a) ' The Powers and Duties of the Admiralty with respect to Pensions and Grants to persons who had served as officers or men and to their widows, children, and other dependants, and to persons who have been employed in the nursing service of any of H.M. Naval Forces other than Service pensions, so far as such Pensions and Grants are payable out of funds provided by Parliament and not INTRODUCTION 11 provided for exclusively for the purpose of Greenwich Hospital. (6) ' The Powers and Duties of the Commissioners of the Royal Hospital for soldiers at Chelsea with respect to the grant and administration of disability pensions and grants other than "in" pensions. (c) ' The Powers and Duties of the Army Council and the Secretary of State for the War Department with respect to Pensions and Grants to persons who have served as officers or soldiers and to their widows, children and other dependants, and to persons who have been employed in the nursing service of any of H.M. Military Forces other than Service pensions.' ' Service pension ' is defined by the ' Act ' as meaning ' any pension or award in respect to age, length of service or of special service or attached to any medal or other decoration whether payable to persons who have been officers or men or their widows, children or other depen- dants,' and the expression ' pension ' in relation to officers other than Naval and Marine officers means ' retired pay/ The authority then for the issue of Pensions rests entirely with the Ministry of Pensions with the limitations as set forth in the Act quoted. The Statutory Committee. This body was constituted by the Naval and Military War Pensions, etc., Act, 1915 (5 and 6 George V. c. 83). The general object of the Act was to make certain provisions ' relating to pensions, grants and allowances made in respect of the present war to officers and men in the Naval and Military services of His Majesty, and their wives, children and other dependants, and the care of officers and men disabled in consequence of the present war.' The functions of the Committee as set forth in the Act included the payment ' out of funds at their disposal and in accordance with regulations framed by them to supple- ment pensions and grants and separation allowances payable out of public funds where, owing to the excep- tional circumstances of the case, the amount payable out of the public funds seems to them inadequate ; out of 12 INTRODUCTION funds at their disposal to make grants or allowances in <3ases where no separation allowances or pensions are payable out of public funds.' It is provided also that the Committee shall make provision for the care of disabled officers and men after they have left the service, including provision for their health, training and employment ; make grants in special oases for the purpose of enabling widows, children and other dependants of deceased officers and men to obtain training and employment ; decide any question of fact on the determination of which the amount of a pension or grant payable out of public funds to a dependant, other than a widow or child, may depend ; and out of funds at their disposal to make advances on account of pensions or grants or separation allowances due to any persons out of public funds during any interval before the payment thereof actually commences, or during which the payment thereof has been accidentally interrupted. The Local Committees. Local Committees are estab- lished in certain counties and county boroughs, which have sub-committees for any special purpose or area. The functions of these Local Committees are subject to the authority and sanction of the Central Committee. The Local body may inquire into any case, collect and furnish information, distribute funds, etc., on behalf of the Central authority ; beyond this its powers are strictly limited. Joint Committees. The Ministry of Pensions on May 19, 1917, suggested the formation of Joint Committees in accordance with Section 2 (8) of the Naval and Military War Pensions, etc., Act, 1915. The model scheme suggested requires the representation of each constituent Local Committee, and also represen- tation of labour and employers, of the medical profession and of technical instruction in such proportion to the total membership as may be determined. The functions of the Joint Committee are — ( To ascertain the institutions and other facilities existing within the area to which discharged disabled men may be sent for treatment or training. INTRODUCTION IS ' To furnish Local Committees within their area with information as to such institutions or facilities. * To ascertain the needs for additional institutions or facilities for treatment within their area, and to make representations to the proper Local Authorities or other bodies. 4 To concert schemes of training for industries special to their area, and for this purpose to consult any Trade Organization, or Association of Employers, or Local Education Authorities, with a view to the provision of suitable training and the subsequent employment of the men. 1 To make arrangements for treatment and training when so requested by any Local Committee within the area of the Joint Committee. * To exercise any other powers which may by resolution be delegated to them from time to time by their con- stituent Local Committees, e.g., appointment of hospital visitors, arrangements for housing of persons under treat- ment or training away from their homes, etc.' The Special Grants Committee. The Naval and Military War Pensions, etc. (Transfer of Powers) Act simply trans- fers the powers and functions of the Statutory Committee to a Special Grants Committee, acting directly under the authority and jurisdiction of the Ministry of Pensions ; as a matter of fact, the New Committee is simply the Statu- tory Committee under another name. The functions of the Local Committees with respect to the alternative pension scheme set up in Article 3 of the New Royal Pay Warrant are detailed in special instruc- tions issued by the Ministry of Pensions. It is the duty of the Local Committee to refer any application for an alternative pension to the Inquiry Officer, who must report to the Committee, who shall either decide upon the application or refer it to the Ministry of Pensions. The Local Committee may offer treatment or training, as the case may be, to the applicant, and if not accepted, shall refer the case to the Ministry of Pensions, and in arriving at a decision, ' shall in all suitable cases, where an applicant is in, or is suited for employment, consult the 14 INTRODUCTION Advisory Wages Board, if such a board has been consti- tuted in their area, and in all other cases shall consult persons representing the occupation in which the person is or will be engaged ' (Instructions for the Assessment of Alternative Pensions, p. 16). The award is made in all cases by the Ministry of Pensions. With regard to treatment or training given at the expense of the Ministry of Pensions, all arrangements are referred to and are under the control of the Disablement Sub-Committee, appointed by the Local Committee, or failing such appointment, of the Local Committee directly. The Local Committee in all cases determines the period for which treatment may be given in the first instance, but if the period is likely to exceed six months, the case must be referred to the Minister of Pensions. No pay- ment may be made by the Local Committee for treatment not sanctioned by it. It will be apparent from the foregoing that the Local Committees are simply advisory and consultative bodies with no power of initiative or determination except within strictly defined limits. In the South African War privates received as much as 2s. a day for partial disablement, and 2s. 6d. a day for total disablement. In 1901 the grant of pensions was extended to the widows and children of N.C.O.'s and men dying through War service within twelve months of their removal from duty. In 1903 cases of death from injury were included. The pensions ranged according to rank from 5s. to 10s. weekly for widows and Is. 6d. to 2s. for each child. Various voluntary funds existed, but the State made no attempt to replace disabled soldiers in civil life, or even to give them pensions enabling them to live under something like their previous conditions. The Present War. Early in the autumn of 1914, a Cabinet Committee drew up a new scale of separation allowances and pensions. Parliament thought these proposals inadequate, and in November appointed a Select Committee, under Mr. Lloyd George, to make INTRODUCTION 15 further recommendations. Their proposals were adopted in a Royal Warrant, May 21, 1915. In November, 1915, Parliament passed the Naval and Military War Pensions Act. In this measure the State recognized for the first time its responsibility for the treatment and care of discharged soldiers. This duty was delegated to the Statutory Committee of the Royal Patriotic Fund, which also issued supplementary grants voluntarily provided. The Present Administration. On January 10, 1917, a new scale of increased separation allowance was published, and on February 28, the draft of a new Royal Warrant increasing the scale of pensions was issued. During March the House of Commons had before it on several days (a) the new Royal Warrant and Order in Council, and (6) the War Pensions Bill, which mainly provides for the administrative expenses of Local Com- mittees. The measures establish a pensions scheme which is spoken of by the Government's principal critics in these matters as "a considerable advance." The Naval and Military War Pensions (Transfer of Powers) Bill was read a third time on July 17. This measure provided for the dissolution of the Statutory Committee and the apportionment of the duties of that body between the Ministry of Pensions and the Special Grants Committee, its duty being to supplement pensions, etc., and £500,000 has been allotted to it. NEEDED REFORMS The New Pay Warrant is in many respects a^ vast im- provement upon its predecessor. The amendment that has been made was long overdue, and is only the first instalment of common justice and simple equity to the service power of the country. With respect to the increase in the amount of Awards, it will be readily admitted that they were necessary. Speaking of the scale of pensions in force at the be- ginning of the War, Major-General Crutchley, Lieut. - Governor of the Chelsea Hospital, very pointedly remarks that * during the past fifty years the standard of comfort among the general population has undoubtedly risen, and the purchasing power of money has declined. The rates of pension, therefore, do not represent to-day a benefit equivalent to that provided when the scale was fixed in 1864.' No one with the least knowledge of the subject will attempt to question this judgment, and the new scale, though in many respects inadequate, may be taken as an attempt to meet the very obvious inequity, and, at the same time, a recognition of the improved social conditions of the period in which we live. The New Warrant has gone a step farther. Hitherto pensions have been granted to and for the man himself, that is to say he has been the only person whose claims have been taken into consideration, the necessities of his family and dependants were conditional upon him. This is the case to-day to a degree, but, on the other hand, the family and dependants of the man are of themselves considered, by the fact of the services of the man, entitled 16 NEEDED REFORMS 17 to be taken into account. The pension of to-day is in- tended to embrace not only the man himself within its benefits, but also his dependants, no matter the degree of relationship, and to provide for his and their future, to the extent which might perhaps have been realized had he lived, or, if living, retained the full possession of his powers and faculties. To ensure this is the clear duty of the nation, and the nation has made up its mind that, no matter where the money comes from, it must and shall be provided in amount sufficient to secure to the disabled soldier and his dependants, and to the dependants of our glorious dead, an honourable livelihood, free from every suspicion or taint of charity. This is the least the nation can do. This is our common heritage. Mr. Bonar Law has ex- pressed the mind of the people by saying, * However great may be the demands caused by the War on the financial re- sources of the country, the men who are giving up their lives in her service, and their dependants, come first, ... in what we give them there must be no suggestion that we are not treating them really in a way that the heart and conscience of the country will regard as just and generous ' (House of Commons, May 18, 1915). If this means anything at all, it is that the nation is under an obligation which cannot be denied or whittled away, but which must be carried willingly and cheerfully so long as it exists, no matter the weight of the burden. There can be, if this language expresses the mind of the nation, no insuperable difficulty to the provision of the funds required, and these as set forth by Sir Alfred Wat- son make up a huge total. Sir Alfred estimates that the maximum annual charge in 1918-19, or in the year follow- ing, should the war be prolonged, will be £25,000,000, made up as fpllows — £ To disabled men 14,100,000 To widows and orphans. . . . 8,200,000 To other dependants .... 2,700,000 In the following year the charge will be £23,000,000, and in future years the cost will gradually diminish. W.P. 2 18 NEEDED REFORMS The estimated capital value of the liability on a 4 per cent. basis is £396,000,000 — £ To disabled men 225,000,000 To widows and orphans . . . 121,000,000 To other dependants .... 50,000,000 The New Proposals represent an increase of liability over that of the present scale of £6,500,000 a year at the maximum, or an additional capital value of £130,000,000. To this must be added at least another £10,000,000 per annum for the first few years after the War, as disable- ment gratuities issuable to men discharged as medically unfit for service, ' such unfitness being neither attributable to nor aggravated by Military service.' It is as well to inquire at once : What is the purpose of pensions ? Has it in any measure been achieved ? Can it be achieved by the Authorized Scale of Awards under the Regulations which govern their issue 1 The inquiry is pertinent, for we are even now learning that we must not make of the men who come back broken a class of idlers. The necessity for self-support is hammered into the heart and brain of the helpless indigent, and they are fed ad nauseam with platitudes about a dinner of herbs earned by the sweat of the brow. The purposes of pensions has been stated in clear and concise terms. With regard to the pensions issuable to widows and other dependants, the Select Committee upon Naval and Military services (Pensions and Grants) held the view that the purpose of pensions and allowances should be * to secure to the dependants, so far as may be possible, approximately the benefit which they received from the deceased during his lifetime, subject to the proviso that the amount awarded shall not in the case of any dependant exceed the amount of the widow's pension.' The equity of the principle involved is clear from the proviso stated. The Committee was further of the opinion that pensions to dependants cannot be settled by fixed rules, but must, to a large extent, be dealt with on the merits of each NEEDED REFORMS 19 individual case. With regard to widows' pensions, a fixed scale was decided upon, as were the rates for children, including illegitimate and motherless children, and for widows on re-marriage. It is utterly impossible in the vast majority of cases to secure to a dependant even approximately the benefit lost by the death of the man in respect of whom the pension is issued ; this is indisputable. It is simply trifling with the nation to attempt to impose upon its credulity the idea that the scale awards can begin to approximate the loss. The Old Scale was admittedly inadequate, as is proved by the increased awards of the New Scale. These will, however, fail to meet the need, and primarily because the issue of pension is a matter of bounty and not of right, and is contingent upon circumstances which may have only a remote relationship to the facts of the case. The New Royal Warrant will fail to meet the objective of pension issue simply because of the arbitrariness of the authority by which it is administered. There are three outstanding requirements requisite in the award and issue of pensions — 1. The necessity for a statutory right on the part of every service man. 2. The necessity for Medical Courts of Appeal, dis- » associated from Army Authority ; and — 3. The recognition of a fixed principle by which the adequacy of pensions may be determined. The question as to the legal right of a soldier or sailor to a pension was first mooted in the year 1806, when Mr. Wyndham introduced a measure into the House of Commons, the purpose of which was to make better provision for soldiers by ( securing to invalid, disabled and discharged soldiers such pensions and allowances as they might become entitled to by reason of their service, or they having become invalid or disabled.' The measure further provided that ' Every soldier . . . should become legally entitled to receive such pension, allowance or re- lief.' Unfortunately, this legislation was repealed in the year 1826. 20 NEEDED REFORMS Mr. Wyndham's object was twofold : first to relieve the soldier from dependence upon the bounty of the Crown, confirmed by the Vote of Supply in Parliament ; and in the second place, to protect him from the caprice of his superior officers. These purposes were no doubt achieved by Mr. Wyndham's Bill, but its misuse made its repeal necessary. The position to-day is that pen- sions and allowances are granted of the grace and bounty of the Crown. The soldier and sailor have no legal right to them ; they are granted under Regulations issued in the Royal Warrant, and these are the sole authority upon which the Ministry of Pensions acts. At the present time, then, all ' Pensions and Gratuities are not paid or continued as a matter of right, but are granted in the discretion of the Army Council, having in view the soldier's service, and merit of applicants.' Article 789 of the Pay Warrant of 1914 is also very defi- nite. It states that ' a pension to the widow of a deceased Warrant Officer shall not be claimed as a matter of right ; it shall not be granted when applicant is shown to be unworthy of our Royal favour ; nor shall it be granted unless the Warrant Officer's service has been such as, in the opinion of our Army Council, to justify the Award.' Article 657, which article is retained in the New Warrant, specifies that ' a pension to the widow or other relation of a deceased officer shall not be claimed as a right.' And Article 1244 of the same Warrant, which is also retained in the New Warrant, provides that * pension to the widows and children of soldiers shall not be given as a reward of service, and subject to the condition hereafter set forth, they shall not be claimed as .a right.' It will be clear from the above, that any soldier or sailor is entirely in the hands of the Ministry of Pensions. He has no Court of Appeal, and can, even if appeal be granted, only state his case for re-investigation to the body against whose decision he is appealing. The Royal Pay Warrant of 1914 is the basis upon which the structure of the existing pension arrangement rests, and although certain well-defined amendments have been NEEDED REFORMS 21 made in the regulations governing specific cases, the Authority of the Warrant remains untouched. This will be evident from Clause 25 of the Draft laid before Parlia- ment, February 26, 1917 (Cd. 8485), which says — 1 The provisions enumerated in the Second Schedule to this Our Warrant for the Pay, etc., of the Army, 1914, and of the subsequent Warrants specified, shall remain in force as regards pensions and grants on account of disablement or decease, except as modified herein, and by the substitution, so far as these pensions and grants are concerned, of Our Minister of Pensions for Our Army Council, and for Our Commissioners of Chelsea Hospital. e The provisions of Our Warrants for the Pay, etc., of the Army, 1914, and of any of Our subsequent Warrants dealing with the disability pensions and with the pensions to the families and dependants of other soldiers than those dealt with in this Our Warrant shall remain in force pending the issue by us of any new Warrant in the matter, and nothing in this Our Warrant shall be held to affect the existing Warrants or Regulations in regard to service pensions or other grants the administration of which continues to be vested in Our Army Council, or in our Commissioners of Chelsea Hospital/ The powers and duties of the Admiralty were trans- ferred officially to the Ministry of Pensions on Feb- ruary 15, 1917, by an Order in Council bearing the date of February 6, 1917. If further evidence is necessary to prove the absolute- ness of the authority of the Pensions Minister it may be found in the preamble of the draft amendment of the New Warrant which is copied from the preamble of the War- rant of 1914, which, with the necessary changes in wording, is retained, and which sets forth very clearly that not only is the Pay Warrant the sole authority upon the matters to which it refers, but that the Minister of Pen- sions, having taken over the functions of the Army Council, is the sole administrator and interpreter of the Warrant and its provisions, and is empowered to issue such detailed instructions in reference thereto as may from time to time be necessary. Not only is the power 22 NEEDED REFORMS of issue in the hands of the Pensions Minister but power of variation rests absolutely with him and is specifically provided for in the Warrant. The essential to adequate pensions and equity in their issue is the establishment of statutory title, for if a man has, while rendering service to the State, lost his life or has been rendered incapable or less capable of such sup- port, his title and that of his dependants is indisputable. It is not a matter of bounty, but of right. The State is under a distinct moral obligation to such a man and his dependants, which obligation cannot and must not be set aside, but which on the contrary should be recognized by statutory enactment. The obligation is not disputed at the moment. Everybody is willing and ready to recognize it ; the country is bubbling over with its desire to give recognition. That, however, is neither sufficient nor is it desirable. Sentiment is a poor substitute for a legal status. The soldier is or is not a servant of the State as much as any other servant, whether he be Prime Minister or Judge upon the Bench. The difference is one of degree. It is the fact of service, no matter the character of such service, which creates the obligation. It is this fact that the State persistently and illogically refuses to recognize by making its award an act of grace and not of right. If the pensions awarded may be accepted as tokens of the recognition of moral obligation, they are evidence either of the littleness of the service rendered or a density of conception as to its value. So far as this War is concerned at any rate the service ren- dered cannot be measured by words. The conception of the value of that service is yet an unknown quanitty, but if the present scale of pensions and the scope of their award is to be taken as a measurement of that conception, much remains to be done to awaken in the minds of the great mass of the people a keener sense of equity. The creation of a Ministry of Pensions proves that the obligation has been recognized, and yet, as a matter of fact, there is no obligation, since the persons eligible have no status upon which to rest their claim ; nor can they NEEDED REFORMS 23 enforce their claim, or secure redress if suffering is entailed by loss consequent upon neglect. They are bound hand and foot by regulations formulated by a department, administered and interpreted by the men who formulated them, and consequently any award that may be made cannot be in compliance with the terms of an obliga- tion. A civilian employee has a title to compensation in case of injury, for which the employer is responsible, and if the employee dies as a result of that injury, his dependants have a title to claim compensation. No such obligation rests upon the State as the employer of the sailor or soldier ; no such title rests with the sailor or soldier as the servant of the State. It has been contended that the honour of service should not be measured in cash terms. That may or may not be true. Accepting it as a dictum it may with equal force be retorted that the honour of the State may be measured by its recognition of the men, women, and chil- dren who have by their services, given directly or in- directly, sustained such disability or loss as renders them incapable, or less capable, of self-maintenance. It follows logically that if the right to pension be made statutory, all pensions must be provided by the State and be payable only from State funds. There can be no place for private benefactions and no account can be taken of charitable contributions. This is a matter not only of right but of necessity, as will be apparent from the following considerations : The soldier is degraded in the eyes of the nation, and consequently in his own, if he is made the recipient of public or private contributions towards his maintenance or welfare other than payments directly from State funds. Soldiers and sailors are the servants of the State. This cannot be disputed, nor is their relationship to the State affected by the fact that they are under Military rule and authority. If pensions for services rendered or disability incurred while rendering such services are a recognized institution, then the soldier and sailor are equally entitled to the payment of such pensions from State funds as any other servant 24 NEEDED REFORMS of the State. It is idle for Mr. Hayes Fisher to say that he cannot ' understand why a man should feel it honour- able to live on money forced by taxation from people whether they live to pay it or not, but would feel it dis- honourable to maintain himself by the voluntary offerings of those who were most anxious to pay something to help him ' (House of Commons, August 8, 1916). If this -is Mr. Hayes Fisher's honest conclusion, no exception can be taken to the application of it to pensioners upon the State funds of any and every character. It is to be feared, however, that the suggestion would not commend itself to many State dignitaries, nor is it palatable to the soldier or] sailor who, in every respect, is, unless the utterances of public men during the past two years have been the veriest hypocrisy, more entitled to recognition than the more highly placed servants of the public. No matter how unpleasant the word may be, we are attempting to provide for the fighting men of our nation and his dependants by charity. Nothing can possibly be more degrading and repugnant than the collections in aid of this and that fund ; the placarding of trams with pitiful appeals to sentiment. These may seem to provide channels for the ostentatious display of patronage, but they are evidences of charity nevertheless, and there would be less ground for compunction in accept- ing the chilly provisions of the workhouse. Perhaps the principal difficulty in assessing the amount of pension to be awarded lies in the medical reports. The procedure is set forth in Article 1189 of the Pay Warrant, which reads as follows — ' In no case shall a soldier be pensioned for disability until his case has been reported upon by some medical authority in addition to that of the officers in medical charge of the regiment, battalion, or corps to which he belongs. The Deputy-Director of Medical Services, or surgeon attached to the staff who has had the soldier under treatment at the general hospital and by whom the soldier shall be personally examined, shall state his professional opinion of the case for the guidance of our NEEDED REFORMS 25 Commissioners of Chelsea Hospital in deciding upon the claim to pension.' The words ' Ministry of Pensions ' is substituted for * our Commissioners of Chelsea Hospital ' in the new Warrant. This is of no importance, however, as it does not affect the procedure. It will be apparent that the appellant for pension is entirely in the hands of the Army Medical Authorities, who comprise a class and a caste isolated and distinct from their civilian brethren of the scalpel. With no desire in the world to disparage this class, it is not diffi- cult to conceive circumstances under which their judgment may be entirely wrong. The history of a man's case begins .with the first attention it receives, and of ten accumu- lates voluminously, until when laid before the final Medical Board for the purposes of assessment, it becomes little more than a chapter of repetition. A senior officer may endorse the report of his junior, or he may refuse to endorse it. But an Army Medical Board examining a man's case in May is very likely to be guided and prejudiced by the report of a Medical Board held in October of the previous year. Again, it does not follow that Medical Boards are composed always of new men ; that is to say, one man or two sitting on a Board in October, passing judgment upon the case of Private John Smith, may sit upon a Board in the following May and pass judgment upon the case. It is hardly likely that Dr. Brown in May will repudiate his verdict in October, and it is very probable that even if Dr. Brown does not sit upon the same Board, Dr. Smith, who is a colleague of Dr. Brown, may have some hesitancy in disputing Dr. Brown's judgment. The point is that there is no appeal against the judgment and decision of the Army Medical Authorities. Reference to Section 7, sub-section 2, of the draft of the new Pay Warrant makes it clear that the procedure at present in vogue is to be continued. This sub-section reads : ' A soldier discharged as medically unfit for further service, such unfitness being neither attributable to nor aggravated by Military service.' Who should decide whether the condition is attributable to or has been 26 NEEDED REFORMS aggravated by Military service ? If the Army Medical Authorities decide that it is not so attributable, and has not been so aggravated, the applicant for pension cannot appeal ; he must accept the dictum as final. Section 9 points out that a man may be granted a pen- sion if disabled owing to disease ' certified as contracted or commencing while on active service, or as having been substantially aggravated by active service.' Who is to decide what substantially aggravated means ? Men have been passed into the ranks with the scantiest and scrimpi- est of medical examination. Men suffering from phthisis, heart disease, hernia, have been classified Al, and passed fit for general service. If these men are discharged dis- abled as a result of any of these diseases, is the judgment of the Army medical man to be accepted as final if it contradicts the judgment of the medical man which passed the man into service ? Who is to say, and how is it to be determined, whether a man known to be suffering from disease prior to attestation has died as a result of that disease aggravated by Military ser- vice ? Upon what basis is pension to be awarded ? Of what value is the Army Medical Board's judgment in such cases ? If the pension of a widow under Section 11 of the draft Warrant is to depend upon the conclusions arrived at by the Army Medical Board, the probability is that it will be in danger because that Board cannot possibly have such knowledge of the case as will entitle its decision to value. A man discharged from the Army suffering from wounds or disease aggravated by service may die two, three, four, nine or ten years after discharge, as a direct result of such wounds or disease. Is the Army Medical Board to be the sole authority as to whether death is due to such wounds or such disease ? The Board may be sympathetic, but granting the most angelic purity of its motives, its verdict is of secondary value compared to that of the humble practitioner who has been in constant attendance upon the man perhaps from the date of his discharge. The verdict of an Army Medical Board should not be accepted arbitrarily if in conflict with civilian medical testimony and NEEDED REFORMS 27 a man's pension, or the pension of a widow and allowances for children, should not be contingent upon the unchal- lenged word of one or another set of men simply because of their Military status. In each locality or district there should be constituted a civilian Medical Board having no responsibility to, or connection with, the Military or Naval Authorities. To this Board every man, or the dependant of a man, should have the right to appeal, and the judgment of this Board should, if at variance with that of the Medical Board, be laid before a joint National Medical Board, composed of service and civilian medical men, whose judgment should be accepted as final. The service man would be encour- aged to have confidence in the decisions of these Tribunals, and he would certainly know that the medical man who perhaps attended him in boyhood and who subsequent to his discharge had been by his side, could place his know- ledge of the case before a constituted authority. These Boards of appeal would at least render less numerous the scrappy examinations and faulty decisions to which the country has been accustomed ad nauseam, and there would be a general certainty that any award made upon the considered judgment evolved would be just and equitable. The adequacy of pensions and other allowances is a question yet to be dealt with, in spite of the increases made in the pensions scale. The flat-rate principle has to a great extent been abolished, and provision has been made for greater elasticity, and yet it is open to question as to whether the amendments proposed meet the require- ments. It may be admitted at once that the obligations of the State towards these disabled sailors and soldiers, and also their dependants, is not met altogether when a pen- sion has been awarded. Take first the case of a disabled man : if totally disabled, no money award can be ade- quate that does not enable him to live comfortably, and without fear of the future, and at the same time make such provision for those dependent upon him as he would in all probability have been able to make had he not 28 NEEDED REFORMS been so disabled. In the case of a partially disabled man the necessity is equally great, but with this difference, that such a man may be able to (a) earn some portion of his own livelihood and make some provision for his dependants by following his pre-War occupation ; or (6) if prevented by his disablement from following his pre-War occupation, he may be able to follow some other occupation by which to secure equal maintenance and provision. His capacity to secure such maintenance and provision cannot equitably be the measure by which any pension or allowance may be awarded. Such an award can have no reference to his probable earnings or earning capacity, and in fact should have no relation to it. The pension, if awarded at all, must be issued on account of any loss sus- tained while rendering service to the State, and that alone is the just basis of any award of pension. The loss sustained by the amputation of a leg cannot be measured by inches of flesh and bone. A postman who has lost his legs is in a worse position than a clerk who has also lost his legs, and whose daily avocation can be followed sitting upon a stool ; but a postman who has lost his arms is relatively no worse off than a clerk who has lost his legs, for the loss of a postman's arms would probably not affect his following his old employment any more than the loss of a clerk's legs would affect him. The increasing disability due to advancing age makes it necessary that any award of pension must be subject to revision on account of age. Revision too must take place in the case of single men disabled, who would most probably marry and bring families into the world. Any pension awarded them which does not take into con- sideration their probable future requirements cannot be considered adequate. In the case of widows and children, the adequacy of pension cannot be determined by a flat scale, nor can any award justly be considered final. The young widow may for health reasons remain a widow, in which case the amount of pension must in many cases be regarded as a pittance. If a widow, however, has children, the requirements of the family will increase with the years, NEEDED REFORMS 29 and unless the children of the men who have made the great sacrifice are to be suppliants until they arrive at manhood and womanhood, any pension awarded must be sufficient to meet those requirements, whatever they are, and the issue of such pension cannot be decided upon any flat scale. To say that a child whose father prior to his enlist- ment intended for some profession must, because of the lack of means, be debarred from that profession, is to penalize the child for the benefit of the State, and to betray the man who gave his life for the country. The State must, if the pensions awarded are to be adequate, make such provision as will enable the widow and her children to live as they would have lived had the husband and father remained at home and enable the children to follow out the purposes of the parents and to enter into the struggle of life equipped as they would have been equipped had the father remained to them. Pensions issued to the parents of soldiers, even upon the scale provided under the terms of the new Warrant, are far from adequate. The maximum is 155. per week ; ['the minimum is 85. 6d., and between the two are varying amounts issued according to the estimate of dependency made by men and women who very often have no know- ledge of the circumstances. The potential value of a son to his parents cannot be fixed by any scale, nor can it be determined by any arbitrary set of rules. The man and wife of fifty may be able to worry along, but ten years later their needs will be greater and their powers to supply those needs infinitely less. No pension awarded to dependants other than wives and children can be considered adequate unless it means the immediate cash loss in full, and pro- vision by revision for any increasing loss occasioned by lessened powers of self-support. To ask a father and mother who have lived in a well-appointed cottage to migrate to one room in a slum is not only an insult to the son who has died, but a dishonour to the nation on whose behalf he died. To be adequate these pensions must provide for the present, and be subject to revision in re- 30 NEEDED REFORMS spect of the future ; immediately they should give to the recipient in money an equivalent to the loss sustained so far as that loss can be met by money and also, having regard to future requirements, be subject to such in- creases as will meet increasing requirements. In this connection the example of New Zealand may advantageously be followed — The War Pensions Amendment Act, 1916, No. 1, pro- vides : Section 7 (1) 'Notwithstanding anything to the con- trary in the principal Act, the Board may at any time grant a pension of such amount as it thinks fit, to the father or mother of a member of the Board, if the Board is satisfied that the applicant for a pension under this section has not adequate means of support. (2) ' This section shall apply notwithstanding that the applicant may or may not be a dependant within the meaning of the principal Act.' The democratic instinct receives recognition in Section 15 of the same measure by providing that — * Every person who feels himself aggrieved by the re- fusal of the Board to grant a pension on either of the grounds mentioned in this section may apply to the Board to submit the matter to a Stipendiary Magistrate for investigation, and thereupon the Board shall, by writing under the hand of the Chairman, submit the matter to a Stipendiary Magistrate accordingly.' The Mother of Parliaments may in time learn the lesson of wisdom and common justice from her children. SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: ARMY To Whom Issued. Separation allowance is issued to the wives and children of soldiers, and to a woman who has been dependent upon a soldier for her maintenance and regularly supported by him upon a permanent domestic basis, and also children of his household permanently maintained by him, when separated from him for reasons of public service. The nature of the separation depends upon the im- possibility of the soldier, while serving, obtaining suitable accommodation where stationed. If such accommodation is obtainable, family allowance is issued, and if an un- married soldier lives temporarily at his own home with a dependant other than a dependant Class B, he draws allowances personal to himself which may be assessed as if issued to dependants. Separation allowances are issued at the discretion of the Army Council. The object of these allowances is to provide, in so far as it is possible, for the maintenance of the soldier's home, the support of such members of his family as were in any degree dependent upon him, and to assist in maintaining his dependants, other than wife and children, in the same degree of com- fort as were enjoyed by them as the result of his contribu- tions before he joined the forces. They are intended ' to provide for the maintenance of the family of the soldier when he is unavoidably separated from them by the exigencies of the public service, or to assist in maintain- ing the dependants of the soldier in the same degree of 31 32 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: ARMY comfort as they enjoyed prior to August 5, 1914, or to enlistment if later. Allotment Necessary. On enlistment or mobilization every man, whether married or unmarried, should state whether he wishes to make any allotment from his pay to his family or dependants. In the case of a married man who was immediately prior to his enlistment living with his family, allotment is compulsory and allowance is automatically issued. If a married man has been living apart from his wife, the fact should be stated on A.F.D. 41 8a, which is completed on attestation. In the case of a married man, provisional payment of separation allowance with allotment of pay is at once issuable. In the case of an unmarried man, he should complete A.F.O. 1838, which will be handed to him by the Attestation Officer. Birth Certificates. If, in the case of a married man, any difficulty arises in obtaining the certificates of marriage or of the birth of his children, the War Office will, upon receipt of particulars as to time and place, take steps to verify the statement, but the production of these docu- ments or verification of the facts is absolutely necessary (A.O. 319/387/1914). Units Entitled. The units that are entitled to the standard British allowances are such units of the regular army whose depot is in the United Kingdom, units of the Territorial Forces and such other units as may be specially authorized by the War Office. Special rates of separation allowances are issued to the wives and chil- dren of British soldiers resident in certain colonies at the time of the soldier's enlistment or prior to the War if he was serving at the outbreak of War. These allowances are paid so long as the wives and children continue to reside there. The Married Establishment. There is no distinction made between men on or off the married establishment for the purposes of separation allowance. No other privileges of the married establishment are, however, extended to the wives and families of soldiers not entered upon the married roll (A.O. 319/1914). WIVES 33 The Pre-War Scale. Separation allowances were issued prior to the outbreak of the present War, but the advan- tages were restricted to married soldiers and to such as were upon the married roll of the establishment. The allowances issuable were as set forth in the Regulations as follows — AT HOME. ABROAD. With Without With Without rations rations quarters quarters and and or or quarters quarters lodging lodging or or money. money. lodging lodging money. money. S. d. s. d S. d. S. d. Wife of a soldier in Class 15 0 4 2 3 0 4 2 3 Wife of a soldier in Class 16 0 4 2 1 0 4 2 1 Wife of a soldier in Class 17 or 18 ... 0 4 1 4 0 4 1 4 Wife of a soldier in Class 19 or 20 0 4 1 1 0 4 1 1 Each girl under 16 years or boy under 14 years . 0 li 0 2 0 li 0 2 Ditto, if motherless 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 Ditto, if the allowance is not issuable for the mother. If in charge of the mother, and the O.C. is satis- fied that the issue will be in the interest of the children — 0 2 0 li 0 2 If in charge of any other person approved by the O.C. . . 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 Present Scale. Considerable changes were made in the scale of allowances in October and November, 1914, and again in February, 1915, but in March of the latter year W.P. 3 34 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: ARMY the scale of allowances was issued as is now in force. Additional allowances for children were made to take effect on January 15, 1917. The classification under which allowances are issued may be given as follows — Warrant Officer, Class I (Regimental Ser- jeant-Major) ...... Class 1 Warrant Officer, Class II (Company-Serjeant- Major) * . Class 2 Company-Quartermaster-Serjeant . . . Class 3 Serjeant ....... Class 4 Corporals and Privates .... Class 5 The following tables show the amount of the allowance inclusive of allotment. WIFE AND CHILDREN, WHERE THERE ARE NO CHILDREN OVER 14 Allot- s. d. s. d. *. d. *. d. s. d. ment. 3 6 5 10 5 10 5 10 5 10 No. of Children under 14. Private or Corporal. Serjeant. Company- Quarter- master Serjeant. Company- Serjeant - Major. Regimental Serjeant- Major. s. d. s. d. s. d. S. d. s. d. 0 12 6 15 0 16 6 22 0 23 0 1 19 6 22 0 22 0 27 0 28 0 2 24 6 27 0 27 0 30 6 31 6 3 28 0 30 6 30 6 32 6 33 6 4 31 0 33 6 33 6 34 6 35 6 5 34 0 36 6 36 6 36 6 37 6 6 37 0 39 6 39 6 39 6 39 6 7 40 0 42 6 42 6 42 6 42 6 and so on, with 3s. for each additional child under 14. WIVES MOTHERLESS CHILDREN 35 Rate in force up to Janu- ary 14, 1917. For each child, 5s. Rate in force from January 15, 1917. Under 14 : For any child living singly, 7s. Where two or more children of the same family live together, Is. for the first and 6s. for each other child. Over 14 : For each child, 5s. The above increases also apply to dependants (Class B), with effect from January 16, 1917. There is no alteration in the rates for dependants (Class A). The following table shows the rates issuable for wife and children where there are children over 14 years of age — Pte. Sjt. C.Q.M.S R.Q.M.S R.S.M. C.S.M. (W.O. Class II). R.S.M. (W.O. Class I). s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Wife only 12 6 15 0 16 6 22 0 23 0 Wife & 1 child under 14. 19 6 22 0 22 0 27 0 28 0 Wife & 1 child over 14 . 17 6 20 0 21 6 27 0 28 0 Wife & 1 child under 14 & 1 over 14 23 0 25 6 25 6 30 6 31 6 Wife & 1 child under 14 & 2 over 14 . 25 0 27 6 27 6 32 6 33 6 Wife & 2 children under 14 24 6 27 0 27 0 30 6 31 6* Wife & 2 children over 14 21 0 23 6 25 0 30 6 31 6 Wife & 2 children under 14 & 1 over 14. . . 26 6 29 0 29 0 32 6 33 6 Wife & 2 children under 14 & 2 over 14 28 6 31 0 31 0 34 6 35 6 Wife & 3 children under 14 28 0 30 6 30 6 32 6 33 6 Wife & 3 children over 14 23 0 25 6 27 0 32 6 33 6 Wife & 3 children under 14 & 1 over 14. 30 0 32 6 32 6 34 6 35 6 36 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: ARMY Pte. Sjt. C.Q.M.S B.S.M. C.S.M. (W.O. Class II). R.S.M. (W.O. Class I). Wife & 3 children under 14 s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. & 2 over 14. 32 0 34 6 34 6 36 6 37 6 Wife & 4 children under 14 31 0 33 6 33 6 34 6 35 6 Wife & 4 children over 14 25 0 27 6 29 0 34 6 35 6 Wife & 4 children under 14 r & 1 over 14. 33 0 35 6 35 6 36 6 37 6 Wife & 4 children under 14 & 2 over 14. 35 0 37 6 37 6 38 6 39 6 Wife & 5 children under 14 34 0 36 6 36 6 36 6 37 6 Wife & 5 children under 14 ; f & 1 over 14. 36 0 38 6 38 e; 38 6 39 6 Wife & 5 children under 14 (* & 2 over 14. 38 0 40 6 40 6 40 6 41 6 Wife & 6 children under 14 37 0 39 6 39 6 39 6 39 6 Wife & 6 children under 14 & 1 over 14. 39 0 41 6 41 6 41 6 41 6 Wife & 6 children under 14 & 2 over 14. 41 0 43 6 43 6 43 6 43 6 WTife & 7 children under 14 40 0 42 6 42 6 42 6 42 6 Wife & 7 children under 14 & 1 over 14. 42 0 44 6 44 6 44 6 44 6 Wife & 7 children under 14 & 2 over 14. 44 0 46 6 46 6 46 6 46 6 Wife & 8 children under 14 43 0 45 6 45 6 45 6 45 6 Wife & 8 children under 14 & 1 over 14. 45 0 47 6 47 6 47 6 47 6 Wife & 8 children under 14 & 2 over 14. 47 0 49 6 49 6 49 6 49 6 Wife & 9 children under 14 46 0 48 6 48 6 48 6 48 6 Wife & 9 children under 14 | & 1 over 14. 48 0 50 6 50 6 50 6 50 6 Wife & 9 children under 14 & 2 over 14. 50 0 52 6 52 6 52 6 52 6 Wife & 10 children under 14 49 0 51 6 51 6 51 6 51 6 Wife & 10 children under 14 & 1 over 14. 51 0 53 6 53 6 53 6 631.6 Wife & 10 children under 14 & 2 over 14. 53 0 55 6 55 6 55 6 55 6 If there are five children in a family, two 14 years of age and over, and three under 14 years of age, the two WIVES 37 elder children will receive allowances on the old scale. The practice is to issue increased allowance to the third child as if that child was the eldest, to the fourth child as if it was the second, and the fifth child as if it was the third. The eldest child then becomes fourth, and the next fifth. Consequently, the two elder children receive allowances on the old scale applicable to the fourth and fifth children. Civil Servants. Civil servants, with the exception of postal employees attached to the Royal Engineers, do not benefit by the increase, because the amount of the increase is deducted from the proportion of pay received from the Pay master- General supplementary to the flat-rate separa- tion allowance, which really means that it is given by one hand and taken away by the other. When Issued. Separation allowances are usually issued to wives and children within five days after the man's enlistment or mobilization. If four weeks from the date of enlistment or mobiliza- tion no allowance has been issued and no notification of rejection received, inquiry should be made of the Regi- mental Paymaster, or if the soldier is a Territorial, of the Secretary of the Territorial Association concerned. Rate-aided Institutions. Separation allowance will not ordinarily be issued in respect of a child who is an inmate of a reformatory or industrial school (other than a day industrial school) ; or a soldier's wife or dependant who is an inmate of an inebriate reformatory, and compulsory stoppages are not made under such circumstances. 1. Under the terms of Army Order 70/1918, arrange- ments have been made for payment by the Local War Pensions Committee of an allowance in lieu of, but at the same rate as. separation allowance, during the insti- tutional treatment of the soldier's wife, and for the continuance of separation allowance at the usual rate, notwithstanding the admission to such an institu- tion of a child or a dependant other than the soldier's wife. 2. Paragraph 78 of the Separation Allowance Regula- 38 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: ARMY tions is cancelled, and the new Order came into force March 1, 1918. The substituted regulation provides for the issuance of Separation Allowance in cases where a soldier, prior to mobilization or enlistment, made regular payments for the maintenance of a wife, child, or other dependant already in a rate aided institution by reason of sickness, or accident, or bodily or mental infirmity, the separation allowance, if any, which would otherwise be issuable to or for such person, may be issued up to the actual amount previously paid by the soldier. If such payment is made in respect of the soldier's wife, and there are children of the soldier who are being privately maintained, the allowance for such children will be issuable at the mother- less rate ; in these cases the maximum issuable for the wife will be the balance of the total rate which would normally be issuable for the family as a whole, after deducting the increased payments for the children. It should be observed that the new regulations — (a) Include the " Workhouse " among rate-aided institutions. (6) Include in the amount issuable the amount of allotment payable by the Government under the terms of A.O. 1/1918, and (c) excludes from the amount payable any sum previously paid in respect of the dependant to any rate- aided institution. (d) Provides for the payment of this allowance in cases where the dependant is maintained in a rate-aided institution on account of sickness. 4. It is important to note that payment is administered and is at the discretion of the Local Committee, and that on the admission of the wife of a soldier to a rate-aided institution the issue of separation allowance (and allot- ment, if any) will cease, but an equivalent amount will be issued and administered by the Local War Pensions Committee, who will — (1) Defray the current standing charges of the home (rent, insurances, etc.) ; WIVES 39 (2) Arrange and pay for the maintenance of the chil- dren (if any) ; and (3) Pay to the wife any unexpended balance on her discharge. 5. This regulation is applicable to dependants Class B, but the admission of a child or dependant (Class A) to a rate-aided institution will not affect the issue of separa- tion allowance, which will be continued by the paymaster as before such admission. 6. With regard to children who become chargeable to the Poor Law authority it is provided that if a child under the age of 16 years, in respect of whom separation allowance is issuable, becomes chargeable to the Poor Law authority; and is boarded-out, or maintained in an institution provided exclusively for the reception and maintenance of children, separation allowance may be issued to such authority towards the cost of maintenance. In this connection there is no material change in the regulations. In Case of Misconduct. The issue of separation allow- ance to wives, or dependants, of soldiers is liable to be stopped on account of serious misconduct. If separation allowance for a wife is stopped on account of misconduct, the allowance for the children will be con- tinued at ordinary rates if they remain in charge of the mother, or motherless rate if they are placed in charge of another person. London Allowance. Payment of the London allowance may be made to the (1) Wives of soldiers on the married establishment who were on the lodging list in the London Postal Area prior to mobilization. (2) Wives of soldiers not on the married establishment, Army Reservists, Special Reservists, and serving T.F. soldiers who were residing in the London Postal Area on the date of mobilization, and already married to the soldier. (3) Wives of soldiers enlisted during the War who were residing in the London Postal Area at the date of enlist- ment if then married, or, at the date of marriage if married after enlistment, and dependants, under Classes 40 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: ARMY A and B, of soldiers enlisted during the War who were residing in the London Postal Area at the date of enlist- ment. This allowance is issuable only while the family con- tinues to reside in the London Postal Area, and is not again issuable to a family on removing from that area, or in the event of the family returning. It may continue for casual periods of temporary absence if the payee maintains his or her home in London. A payment which has ceased on the payee leaving London may be resumed when the payee returns, on production of satisfactory evidence of a continuous bona fide payment during the whole period of absence for either rent or storage of furniture in the London Postal Area. The period of temporary absence has been ruled as three months. While a soldier is on family allowance the London area allowance is dependent upon whether his station is in the London district. On the death of a payee, payment of allowance in re- spect of the deceased person ceases forthwith. Any allowance (including allotment) due at the death of a payee will be disposed of as follows — WIFE. Charges on account of funeral or sickbed ex- penses have the first claim. The balance will be paid to the person in charge of the soldier's children. Any sum not disposed of will be credited to the soldier's pay account. CHILD. The balance will be paid to the mother or guardian. DEPENDANT. Provided eligibility for separation allow- ance has been established before death, charges on account of funeral or sickbed expenses will have the first claim, and the balance, if any, may be paid in satisfaction of charges due for the support of the deceased. In cases where transfer of payment is approved, any balance will be issued to the new payee. Forms of Application. On enlistment, or on joining from the Army Reserve, Army Form D. 418b or Army Form O. 1838a will be filled up for every recruit. WIVES 41 Army Form D. 41 8b is applicable to — Married men (ordinary cases). Widowers with legitimate children, for whom separa- tion allowance is issuable unless separation allow- ance is also claimed for the person having the care of such children, when Army Form 0. 1838a should be used. Married men separated from their wives, except when Army Form 0. 1838a is used. Army Form 0. 1838a is applicable to — All unmarried men. Widowers, except when Army Form D. 41 8b is used. Married men, separated from their wives, who wish and are entitled to claim separation allowance for a dependant. If difficulty arises in obtaining the certificates of marriage or of birth, the Paymaster will forward such particulars as may be necessary for verification. The production of certificates or verification is neces- sary in all cases. If the claim for separation allowances is refused, the amount of the allotment will be paid to the person named, and the soldier will be informed that although a grant of separation allowance is refused, the allotment is being issued in accordance with his request. Intention to Marry. A soldier who intends to get married is required to inform his Commanding Officer of the fact two weeks in advance of the event, and to state at the same time whether separation allowance is being paid to any of his dependants, and if so, to whom. If the soldier omits to give the required notice, separa- tion allowance will only be issued from the date following that to which separation allowance has been paid to his dependant (if any) instead from the date of marriage. Belated Claims. A soldier who has not claimed separa- tion allowance for a dependant, may submit a claim through his Commanding Officer on Army Form 0. 1838. Arrears of separation allowance can in no case be granted. A claim made more than one month after the soldier's 42 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: ARMY enlistment is marked ' belated claim ; strict investigation necessary.' Claims made by a dependant may be considered — (1) If the soldier is serving abroad, but no payment will be made until Army Form O. 1838, duly completed, has been received from the soldier. (2) If the soldier is a prisoner of war, but no payment will be made unless and until the soldier agrees to make the necessary allotment ; but any case where there is diffi- culty in communicating with the soldier may be sub- mitted to the War Office for consideration. (3) If the soldier has been reported missing or is dead. In these cases it will be assumed that the soldier would have agreed to make the necessary allotment, but the continuation period will reckon from the date on which notification of the casualty was first sent to the next- of-kin. The allowance, if admitted, will run from the date on which the claim was received from the dependant, or from the date from which allotment is recovered from the soldier, whichever is later. Any appeal against an award may be made on Army Form 0. 1840a. In Case of Disagreement. If there is disagreement be- tween the Pension Officer and the Pension Committee, the case will be sent to the War Office Appeals Committee for decision. Payment of separation allowance is made as follows — Payee residing at home, Regular Army, New Army, and Special Reserve : by the Paymaster at the Record Office station of the unit to which the soldier belongs. Permanent Staff of the Territorial Force : by the Paymaster at the Record Office station of the Non-com- missioned Officer's regular unit. Territorial Force, except permanent staff : by the Territorial Force County Association administering the unit to which the soldier belongs. On the Birth of a Child. In the case of a child being born to the soldier, the amount of the increase due to the end of the current payment period will be paid by Army WIVES 43 money order to the mother. No recovery will be made should the child not survive. Overpayments. Recovery of overpayments will be effected by deduction from weekly payments. The broad rule to be followed will be that, in cases coming under 1-4, the rate of recovery will ordinarily be 25 per cent, of the normal weekly payment, but in cases under Class 5, the rate may be fixed as low as 15 per cent. In no case, however, will the recovery be spread over a period of more than twenty-six weeks, except under special authority from the War Office. Advances made on behalf of the War Pensions, etc., Statutory Committee, and recoverable from separation allowance, will be dealt with as follows — In the case of advances made to wives, if the whole amount advanced cannot be recovered from arrears, re- covery of any balance will be effected at the rate of 15 per cent, of the normal weekly allowance for corporals and privates, and 25 per cent, for higher ranks. In the case of advances made to dependants other than wives, Army Form W. 3020 will be forwarded to the Pay- master on the day that the advance is made. Payment of arrears will be withheld for seven days after the date on which the weekly payments of separa- tion allowance commence, and if the whole amount ad- vanced cannot be recovered from arrears, recovery of any balance will be effected at the rate of 15 per cent, of the normal weekly allowance. Allotments. Married soldiers who are separated from their wives and families must contribute a portion of their pay towards their maintenance at the following daily rates — For Wife. Soldiers not below the rank of serjeant . . lOcL Soldiers below the rank of serjeant . . Qd. No compulsory allotment is required in respect of children. An Army Order issued December 4, 1917, provides that the issue of separation allowance shall, from Sep- 44 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: ARMY tember 29, 1917, and for the remaining period of the present War, cease to be contingent upon the soldier making an allotment from his pay. Where the wife or dependant of such soldier was in receipt of separation allowance on the day preceding the issue of the Order or subsequently becomes entitled to receive an allowance with effect from that or an earlier date, the whole sum which the soldier was allotting, including any excess allotment up to a total of IQd. per day for a soldier of the rank of serjeant or higher rank, or 6d. for a soldier below the rank of serjeant, shall be issued from public funds as separation allowance, and shall not be deducted from the soldier's pay. Where the wife or dependant of such a soldier becomes entitled to separation allowance with effect from the date of the Order, or a subsequent date, the usual proce- dure for assessing the allowance shall be followed and the whole amount to which the payee is entitled shall be issued from public funds as separation allowance ; but in these cases, any allotment voluntarily made by the soldier will be a charge against his pay. The foregoing does not apply to cases where allot- ment only and no separation allowance is being paid except in the case of an allotment made to secure a special separation allowance from the funds adminis- tered by the special Grants Committee of the Ministry of Pensions, in regard to which separate instructions are issued by the Ministry. Stoppages in respect of separated wives or illegitimate children will be made as hitherto from the pay of soldiers, as required by Sections 138 and 145 of the Army Act, and the benefit granted is therefore not applicable to cases in which separation allowance is being issued where there is an order of Court. The Order does, however, apply to all other cases where separation allowance is being issued with allotment including allotments for motherless chil- dren actually in payment or authorized by the soldier on or before the day preceding the date of this Warrant. With reference to the above Army Order (I of Decem- ber 4, 1917) it is notified that, as from September 29, WIVES 45 1917, the weekly rates of family allowance now issuable in the case of (a) a soldier who lives and messes at his own home, and (b) who, although living at his own home, necessarily messes away from his home on duty will, except in the case of a soldier with wife only, be in- creased by 5s. IQd. per week in the case of soldiers above the rank of corporal, and 3s. 6d. a week in the case of soldiers below that rank. A soldier with wife only, including an Army school- master, will receive the following rates of family allow- ance— Class 15. Class 16. Classes 17 and 18. Class 19. Class 20. 305. 295. 235. Qd. 22s. 20s. 6d. The amendment made to paragraph 185, Separation Allowance Regulations, by Army Order 141 of 1917 is cancelled and the following substituted — ' Except in the case of a soldier of class 20 (5) with wife only, when the deduction will be 13s. Qd. a week, and not the rate of separation allowance (12s. Qd.).3 Allotments in excess of the rates shown above may be made if the soldier desires. Voluntary allotments may also be made to any relative or dependant, whether in receipt of dependants' allowance or not, provided that the total allotment does not exceed three-fourths of the soldier's total pay. When a soldier wishes to commence, increase, reduce, stop or transfer an allotment of pay, except in certain cases, Army Form 0. 1796a should be completed and forwarded to the Paymaster. A soldier may desire to allot at higher rates or make objection to paying the standard allotment. No objec- tion will be allowed unless the wife has income or earnings which, without the soldier's allotment, or with a reduced allotment, will secure to her a total income not less than the standard rate of combined separation allowance and allotment laid down for the family of a soldier of his rank. If a soldier is prepared to state definitely that his wife has sufficient other income or earnings he may appeal against the standard allotment. 46 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: ARMY On receipt of the application from the Commanding Officer, the issuing officer will ask the wife to furnish a statement of her income from all sources other than separ- ation allowance and allotment, and if the statement shows that her income without the allotment, or with the reduced allotment, is equal to the standard rate, future payments will be made accordingly, unless there are special circum- stances in the case. The wife will be informed of the reduction, and that it is open to her to apply for con- sideration of the question at a future date if her circum- stances render it necessary. If her statement shows that she has no other income or earnings, the case will be forwarded to the War Office for decision. Pending a decision by the War Office, the allotment will continue to be issued to the wife at the standard rate, and a corresponding charge will be made against the soldier. If an allotment is cancelled or reduced and the wife afterwards applies to have the question reconsidered, she will be asked to furnish particulars of her income from all sources, excluding separation allowance and allotment. If the soldier agrees, arrangements will be made for re- issue accordingly. If the soldier objects, the case will be referred to the War Office for decision, and, pending a decision, payment will continue to be made at the rate of allotment, if any, already being issued (A.O. 475/1914). Stoppages Authorized by the Army Act. When the issue of separation allowance to a soldier's wife (or de- pendant of Class B) is stopped under paragraph 79, on account of the misconduct of the recipient, the issue of allotment of pay will also cease unless the soldier signifies his desire that the allotment should continue. Stoppages from a soldier's daily pay may be made as follows — If the soldier is a Warrant Officer (Class I) not holding an honorary commission — in respect of a wife or children, one shilling and sixpence, and in respect of a bastard child, one shilling. Where the soldier is a Warrant Officer (Class II) not holding an honorary commission, or a non-commissioned WIVES 47 officer who is not below the rank of Serjeant — in respect of a wife or children, one shilling, and in respect of a bas- tard child, sevenpence. In the case of any other soldier — in respect of a wife or children, sixpence, and in respect of a bastard child, four- pence. In the case of soldiers serving abroad or under orders for service overseas no order of the court for maintenance stoppages is operative unless the summons has been served before the soldier was under orders for service beyond the seas. Arrear charges and costs against the soldier under the magistrate's order may be recovered provided the maximum daily rate of stoppage specified is not ex- ceeded. In the event of a child, for whose maintenance an order has been made, dying or reaching the age at which payments under the order are no longer due, the stop- page will be continued until all arrears of maintenance and costs have been paid off. If a soldier liable to a stoppage for maintenance forfeits his pay, the stoppage will remain as a charge against him and be recoverable from any pay or other army emoluments to which he may afterwards become en- titled. Soldiers Discharged or Missing. In the case of soldiers discharged as ' no longer physically fit for War service/ separation allowance and allotment is continued two weekly payments after the date of discharge. Missing Men. In the case of a soldier of whom no official information has been received within four weeks from the date on which official notification was given to the person to whom separation allowance was payable that he was missing, separation allowance and allotment will continue to be paid for twenty-six weeks from the pay-day immediately following that on which the four weeks expire, that is to say that thirty weekly payments will be made, reckoning from the date on which it was officially notified to the person to whom the payments were issuable that he was missing. If, however, before the period of four weeks 48 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: ARMY has expired the soldier's death is proved, the twenty- six weekly payments will begin from the date upon which official notification of the fact was given (A.O. 93/1915). If the family of the soldier becomes eligible for separa- tion allowance during the period of the thirty weeks, the allowance will not be continued beyond that period, reckoning from the date of the official notification. If voluntary allotments only are being paid, they will continue for four weeks only after the date of the official notification that the soldier was missing. If at any time within that period the soldier's death is proved, the pay- ment will ordinarily cease when such proof is admitted. If, however, a claim for separation allowance is pending, the payment of the allotment may be continued until a decision has been arrived at (A.O. 93/1915). It has been found that the issue of notification at the end of four weeks, with a view to pension or gratuity, has frequently led the recipient to believe that definite information of the soldier's death has been received. It has, therefore, been ordered that this notice shall not be issued until eight weekly payments of the separation allowance and allotment has been made, subsequent to the notification of the fact that the soldier is missing (A.O. 132/1916). Wives and Legitimate Children (or Step-Children). Separation allowance is issuable for a soldier's wife and for his legitimate children (or step-children) under 16 years of age. If a child is born to a soldier whose family is already in receipt of separation allowance the increased rate takes effect from the next weekly payment day after birth. If a child is by arrangement living apart from its parents, the rule is that the allowances for the children will be assigned in order of ages. Except where specially provided, separation allowance is not issuable in respect of any one who is already main- tained at the public expense. Separation allowance may be issued to a soldier's chil- dren suffering from mental or physical infirmity up to the WIVES 49 age of 21. The issue is allowed for a certified period of temporary infirmity. Separation allowance is admissible for young persons between the ages of 16 and 21, on a certificate from the Local Education Authority, while the young person is an apprentice receiving only a nominal wage or is a day pupil at a secondary school, technical school, or university. The certificate of the Local Education Authority will cover the issues for the remainder of the quarter in which it is given. In each subsequent quarter the certificate of the employer, or of the head of the school or university, must be obtained. The term apprentice may be interpreted as in the case of secondary education, that the lad or girl is learning a trade. Motherless Children. When separation allowance is being issued for mother and children and the mother dies, the motherless rate for the children is issued from the payment day following the date of death of the mother. If the mother is in prison the motherless rate of separa- tion allowance is issued for the children. The motherless rate of separation allowance is issuable concurrently with the issue of the consolidated allowance to the father. Wives Separated from their Husbands. Where a hus- band made his wife a regular allowance before mobiliza- tion or date of enlistment, she will be treated as a de- pendant up to the amount previously paid by the soldier, but not exceeding the limit for a wife. Separation allowance is issuable at the ordinary rates for children without contribution by the soldier. Where the husband made no payment under an Order of Court or otherwise, before mobilization or enlistment, no issue of separation allowance to the wife is made, but allowance is issuable for the children at the motherless rate, whether they are living with the mother or not. Where there is an Order of Court against the soldier for his wife's maintenance, under which payment has been regularly made up to the time of mobilization or enlist- W.P. 4 50 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: ARMY ment, the stoppage from his pay and separation allow- ance may be issued up to the amount previously paid by the soldier. In the case of a soldier who is living apart from his wife and is liable for her maintenance under an Order under Section 143, Army Act, his ability to comply with the Order is not affected by his going on active service, and no issue of separation allowance is made. In the cases of soldiers killed in action or dying of wounds received in action, form of application for pension should be issued to the widow or guardian imme- diately on the receipt of notification of death (A.C.I. 1409/1916). Children. If a mother in receipt of separation allow- ance has been confined in a public Institution for health reasons the allowance issued in respect of her ceases, but the allowance issued in respect of her children is increased to the motherless rate. — Mr. Forster, House of Commons, October 31, 1916 (see Rate-aided Institutions, p. 37). The allowances provided under Army Order 212/1915 and subsequent Warrants for children born six months after discharge are continued to children over the age of 16 and under 21 years incapable, through physical or mental infirmity, which has existed since the age of 16. Grants to children over the age of 16 cease if provided for in public or charitable Institutions. Separation allowance is discontinued in respect of ohild removed to a public Institution on account of disease. — Mr. Forster, House of Commons, November 21, 1916. Increased Separation Allowances. These are not issued in respect of the children of a deceased soldier whose widow is in receipt of a separation allowance for the twenty- six weeks prior to issue of pension. These increases are not issuable in the case of the children of a deceased soldier whose mother has re-married. Maintenance Order. If a woman was not supported l>y her husband prior to enlistment or mobilization, she is not entitled to separation allowance under the regula- WIVES 51 tions, but may make application for order of Court for compulsory stoppage of the man's pay for her own sup- port or benefit. If there is satisfactory evidence of the intention of the man and his wife to cohabit in future and after the War, separation allowance may be granted. If a husband and wife have been legally separated and a maintenance order has been regularly complied with, the wife will receive the amount of the order providing that it is not in excess of the wife's separation allowance, and to which the husband must allot the maximum amount. If a husband has made no payment under an order of Court, no separation allowance is issuable, but separation allowance is payable for the children at the motherless rate whether living with the mother or not. If a maintenance order has been made out against a soldier, and payment is made entirely out of the soldier's pay without any contribution from the State, he may in addition earn a separation allowance for another depen- dant. He may also make an allotment to, and thus secure a separation allowance for, the dependant if after meeting the order his pay enables him to do so. No order of the Court is operative against a soldier serving or under orders to serve abroad, for maintenance stoppages, unless judgment was obtained before the soldier was under orders for such service. When there is an affiliation order issued against a married man whose rank is below that of Serjeant, the maximum stoppage that can be made from his pay in respect of such order is fourpence per day. A wife separated from her husband prior to enlistment or mobilization, and in receipt of a regular allowance from him, may be regarded as a dependant, and an allow- ance issued, which with allotment does not exceed the amount previously paid by the soldier. If the soldier made no payment, no separation allow- ance is issuable. If there is an Order of Court against a soldier for his wife's maintenance, under which pay- ment has been made prior to his enlistment or mobiliza- 52 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: ARMY tion, the stoppage made from his pay in liquidation may be the maximum to which may be added an allowance as for a dependant, which including the stoppage may not exceed the amount previously paid by the soldier subject to the limit of the wife's scale. The issue of separation or dependants' allowances, and ration allowance in respect of the first seven days after return to civilian employment will not apply to Civil servants, and/or Government civilian employees, transferred to Class W, W (T) or T of the Reserve (A.C.I. 775/1917). 1. No separation allowance will be issued to a wife and to any other dependant on account of the same soldier. 2. No separation allowance is issuable in respect of the same soldier to more than one household. 3. If two or more members of the same household — other than the soldier's children — were dependent upon him, the allowance payable is that which would be paid if the first dependant were a wife and the other children, but the amount contributed by the Government will not exceed the amount contributed by the soldier to the expense of the household over and above the cost of his own maintenance. CHILDREN The motherless rate of separation allowance is issuable concurrently with the issue of the consolidated allow- ance of 2s. per day for lodging and rations to the father, or if messed regimentally, with the lodging allow- ancei After death of father, a claim for dependant's allow- ance will, if admitted, be paid only to end of thirty weeks from death, starting at time of birth or date of claim. If a child is born after the death of its father and WIVES 53 separation allowance is being issued to the mother, or if a dependant's claim is admitted after death, payment will cease at the end of twenty-six weeks from the known or presumed date of death, no matter the date of the birth of child or date of claim. On the death of a wife, child, or dependant, the payment of the allowance ceases forthwith. Children removed from the care of the mother because of her misconduct are regarded for the purposes of the allowance as being motherless, and the motherless rate is issuable in respect of them, but the mother's allow- ance is discontinued. The allowance made for children ceases ordinarily when the child has reached the age of 16 years, but it may be continued if the child is attending a secondary school, technical school, or university, or if the child is an appren- tice receiving only a nominal wage (A.O. 100/1915). A certificate from the employer, or the head of the school or university as the case may be, is requisite (A.O. 100 and 298/1915). The children's allowance may be continued until the age of 21, also, if the child is suffering from mental or physical infirmity (A.O. 492/1914). When the son of a soldier serving, in respect of whom separation allowance is issued to wife (mother of soldier), makes an allotment to brother or sister in the same household, the increased allowance is not issuable to such child because the allowance already issued is not issued as to a child. Suppose there are five children in the family, two over 14 in respect of whom the old allowance scale is issued, the practice is to issue increased allowance to the next eldest — third child — than to continue allow- ance on old scale to the remaining two or fourth and fifth child respectively. Men in Hospital. The allowance is also granted when a soldier is separated from his family by admis- sion to hospital and subjected to a hospital stoppage (unless he is suffering from an illness occasioned by his own misconduct). The allowance will be issuable 54 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: ARMY regimentally in arrear from the fifth day (inclusive) from the date of the soldier's admission to hospital, and wil] be limited for the entire family to the amount of the hospital stoppage. In cases in which the full stoppage is remitted, no separation allowance will be issuable, and if the stoppage is partly remitted, the allowance will be the unremitted portion of the stoppage. If, how- ever, the family was in receipt of the allowance prior to the soldier's admission to hospital, it will continue as before. While on Furlough. Separation allowance may also be issued during furlough (' working furlough ' excepted) if the family was previously in receipt of it, except where the separation originated by the admission of the soldier into hospital. Furlough. Separation allowance may continue to be issued during ordinary furlough and sick furlough. It is not issuable except with special authority to a man given working furlough with a view to dis- charge. In the case of extended sick furlough, the allot- ment portion of the separation allowance is not issu- able. Men granted furlough to engage in work on their own farms are not eligible for the issue of separation or family allowance (A.C.I. 1973/1916). Separation allowance is issuable to a man allocated to farm work including allotment. If family allowances are issued the normal amount is paid. On Promotion. When a soldier is promoted to a rank which entitles his family to a higher rate of separation allowance, the higher rate will be admissible from the date of the promotion. If a soldier is reduced in rank, any reduction in the rate takes effect from the end of the week in which notification is received by the Paymaster. If a soldier is promoted to commissioned rank, pay- ment of allotment and allowance ceases from the date of promotion. WIVES 55 S.A. Wives, India. The wives and families of soldiers serving with units in India become eligible for separation allowance as from February 1, 1915, whether on the married establishment or not (A.O. 100/1915). In the case of dependants eligible under A.O. 440/1914, separation allowance is issuable from the date of appli- cation only ; but men who left India prior to the date of that order (December 3, 1914) may receive issue as from October 1, 1914, or the date of the embarkation of the soldier from India if later, providing application was re- ceived from the dependant before December 20, 1914 (A.O. 1/1915.) If a soldier is in hospital, and his family or dependants were in receipt of separation allowance when he entered, the payments will be continued, no matter the cause which necessitated his being sent there (A.O. 126/1915). Separation allowance and allotment continue to be paid during periods for which a soldier may be punished for an offence under the Army Regulations, providing the period is less than seven days, the amount of the allotment being recoverable from the soldier's pay (A.O. 126/1915). If the period of punishment is above seven days, the amount of the separation allowance less the allotment is paid (A.O. 126/1915). If the punishment carries with it discharge from the Army, all payments cease as from the date of dis- charge. A soldier who is absent without leave for a period of twenty-one days is, after allowing a reasonable time in which to report himself, regarded as a deserter, and the issue of separation allowance ceases (A.O. 126/1915). When a soldier rejoins from desertion, the issue of separation allowance may be resumed from the date when he rejoins. When soldiers living at home are admitted to hospital, family allowance is continued. Issue is subject to the reduction of the amount of allotment if admission to the hospital becomes necessary by any offence against the Army Act. 56 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: ARMY Invalided Soldiers. Separation allowance and allot- ment is continued for two weekly payments after the date of discharge. This regulation does not apply where allotments only are being paid (A.O. 354/1916). Reserve Units. Men transferred to Classes W (T.) P and (P.T.) and T, under Army Orders 203 and 355 of 1916, are not entitled to the issue of separation allow- ance. If a man is transferred to C. W. Reserve for substitution he is not entitled to pension, pay, or other emolument from the Army funds, nor are his wife or dependants entitled to separation allowance. Suppose the man's home was in Stratford, and he was sent as a substitute to Leicester, his wife and children are not entitled to separa- tion allowance, unless he obtains a certificate from his employer that no housing accommodation is available in proximity to his employment. Civil Employment. Where men are transferred to civil employment under A.O. 205/1915, and are in consequence separated from their families or dependants, allowance less allotment is issuable under the usual conditions, in addition to any other earnings or emoluments of the soldier (A.C.I. 445/1916). The amount of any separation allowance issued will be deducted from the amount of civil pay issuable to civil servants and other Government employees under the terms of A.O. 338/1914. ADVANCES A soldier or sailor on enlistment or mobilization should declare an allotment, and at the same time make a claim for separation allowance. He may make an allot- ment without making a claim, and should be careful that if an allowance is desired, the form should be com- pleted. WIVES 57 The Local Committee does not usually make advances in cases of partial dependency where there are other sources of income, it being considered that the allot- ment made is sufficient to meet the needs of the family pending the issue of separation allowance. Advances do not usually exceed the anticipated amount of separation allowance excluding allotment, and are not made for longer period than six weeks without the special authorization of the Local Committee, nor beyond a period of thirteen weeks without especial sanction. No advance will be made under any circumstances if the soldier or sailor fails to make an allotment. In the case of an unmarried wife, an advance sufficient to meet her immediate needs may be made on proof that the man has made an allotment of 35. 6d. per week, and that the woman is eligible for separation allowance under the regulations. No advances are made to the wives and dependants of men who are deserters or who have failed to rejoin within seven days of the expiration of their leave or fur- lough. Advances made to seamen are recovered either directly from the dependants or by deduction from subsequent payment of the separation allowance. No recovery of ad- vances may be made from arrears of separation allowance, but only by deduction from future issues. Men employed by the Admiralty or War Office on Government work not connected with the War at civil or weekly rates of pay, are not within the scope of the Regulations, and no allowance, grant, or advance may be issued by the Special Grants Committee to such men or their wives or widows and dependants. Compensation for or in respect of such men in the event of death or injury is provided for under the ' Injuries in War Com- pensation Acts, 1914/15.' SEPARATION ALLOWANCE. Rates for Families A.O. 299/1917) in Public Quarters, with effect from January 15, 1917) :— 58 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: ARMY Class. 15 16 17 and 18 19 20 1 M M I a Where there are no J3 g •g-g o § 1 o fl aj It: §8 ^ 84 BB children over 14 years of age. 11 ~fl MM is •38 .S"o y 11 11 ."o 11 H3 $3 i^ &% •S3 £3 1^ 02 <5 33 H H H H H For-- Wife only . . 3 2 9 0 3 2 9 0 3 2 9 0 3 2 9 0 3 0 6 6 „ 1 child . 10 2 16 0 10 2 16 0 10 2 16 0 10 2 16 0 10 0 13 6 „ 2 children 15 2 21 0 15 2 21 0 15 2 21 0 15 2 21 0 15 0 18 6 „ 3 children 18 8 24 6 18 8 24 6 18 8 24 6 18 8 24 6 18 6 22 0 „ 4 children 21 8 27 6 21 8 27 6 21 8 27 6 21 8 27 6 21 6 25 0 „ 5 children 24 8 30 6 24 8 30 6 24 8 30 6 24 8 30 6 24 6 28 0 „ 6 children 27 8 33 6 27 8 33 6 27 8 33 6 27 8 33 6 27 6 31 0 „ 7 children 30 8 36 6 30 8 36 6 30 8 36 6 30 8 36 6 30 6 34 0 And so on, with 3s. for each additional child under 14. For children over 14 — as under. From March 1, 1917, Civil servants and Government civilian employees serving in the Army and entitled to the balance (if any) of civil pay from their Civil Depart- ment, will not be eligible on discharge or transferred to Class P or P T of the Reserve, for the temporary allow- ance for themselves or for the continuation of separation allowance to their families or dependants under A.O. 354/1916, or family allowance under A.O. 397/1916 (A.C.I. 479/17). The mother of a soldier who remarries after applica- tion for separation allowance is not entitled to pen- sion. Any allotment made in excess of the required amount should be added to the total issue, the Government allowance is not affected. Payment is made to the wives of men married whilst interned in a neutral country, with effect from the date of marriage. Advances upon Separation Allowance : Army. Ad- vances are not made in excess of the amount of the separ- ation allowance and allotment, and usually for not more than two weeks. Advances are restricted to the depen- WIVES 59 dants of unmarried men, and a married soldier is so classed, providing that no separation allowance is issuable for I the wife or any legitimate children not in the care of the dependant. Advances are not usually made in the case of persons partially dependent only upon a soldier. In these cases it is considered that the amount of the allotment (3s. 6d.) will be sufficient pending the issue of separation allowance. Instruction 454/1917 is amended, and it is now pro- vided that local committees will not make weekly advances except as authorized by the Officer in Charge of Records. Local Committees are not authorized to make advances, fco men transferred to C.W. on or after February 1, 1917. If on medical examination a man is retained in C.W., no further advances are to be made after the date of such notification. If the man is transferred to C.P., the Local Committee oaay make three weekly advances of 14s. in respect to the three weeks following the date of the Medical Board's lecision (A.C.I. 685/1917). Children in care of guardian who is [not their nether are eligible for motherless allowance. The lependency of the woman is assessed by deducting the imount previously paid as maintenance for the children. Che man is required to pay the scale allotment. Separation allowance is issuable for any child a loldier may have maintained in his own household i 100/15). Separation allowance is not issuable for the illegiti- nate child of an unmarried man if separation allowance i s issued to a dependant of that man and the child is tot in the care of that dependant. Family Allowances. Provision is made by A.(X 12/1917 for the increase of separation allowances in ertain cases for children under 14 years of age, provided [or ordinarily by A.O. 55/1917, under the rates issued as imily allowance, as set forth in paragraph 175a of the reparation allowance regulations, 1916. The increase 5 as follows : 2s. for the first child, Is. 6d. for the second 60 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: AKMY and third, and Is. for each additional child under the age of 14 years. The increase took effect from January 15, 1917, and is applicable only to the children of soldiers of classes of 4 and 5, that is • men below the rank of ser- jeant. A soldier of any class with a wife and no children is not effected. In the case of a man holding the rank of a Serjeant, or above that rank, the allowance issuable under paragraph 175a of the separation allowance regu- lations, or the rate for a private soldier or corporal with a similar family, will be issued, whichever is the highest. The increases effect also the children of soldiers living with their families in public quarters under the same con- ditions. This allowance is issuable for the period of the War only, and it takes the place of all other allowances, lodging, fuel and light, ration and separation allowances, except as otherwise provided for. It will not be admissible in the case of specially enlisted soldiers whose pay and allowances were definitely arranged to take the place of civil emoluments previously drawn. The weekly rate of family allowance is as follows — When a soldier lives and messes at his own home : Class 15. Class 16. Classes 17 and 18. Class 19. Class 20. Soldier with — s. d. s. d. 8. d. s. d. s. d. Wife onlylwinter- ^(summer 28 7 26 3 25 8 23 11 21 7 21 0 20 5 19 10 20 5 19 10 Wife and 1 childf. 29 2 28 2 22 8 21 2 21 0 Wife and 2 children 32 8 31 8 26 2 24 8 24 6 Wife and 3 children 34 8 33 8 28 2 26 8 26 6 Wife and 4 children 36 8 35 8 30 2 28 8 28 6 For each additional child, 2s. ( Winter ' will be interpreted to mean the months from October to May, inclusive ; ' Summer,5 June to September. For an Army Schoolmaster (Class 16) with wife only, WIVES 61 an addition of Is. 9d. per week in winter and Is. 2d. in summer will be made to the above rates. Soldiers living at their own homes and coming up for regular daily duty, as in peace, come under this order if otherwise entitled. When the soldier, although living at his own home, necessarily messes away from his own home on duty, he will be rationed in kind or will draw the usual ration allowance, and in respect of his family, he will draw family allowance at the rates for separation allowance without allotment. When the soldier and his family are in public quarters, he will himself be rationed in kind or receive usual ra.tion allowance, the family allowance will be issued in respect of any children of the soldier at the uniform rates of 5s. for the first child, 3s. 6d. for the second child, and 2s. for each additional child. Family allowance will be subject to the conditions for the issue of separation allowance, so far as these are applicable. The family allowance will be increased by the amount of the usual London allowance, but the qualifica- tion for the additional sixpence per day in the London postal area depends on the station, not the residence of the soldier. The issue of family allowance will continue when the soldier is temporarily sent away from his home on duty, for a period not exceeding a month, or is ad- mitted to hospital. For longer periods, the Officer commanding may arrange with the Paymaster for the issue of separation allowance in lieu, if admis- sible. In the case of soldiers who die whilst serving, family allowance at the usual rates of separation allowance with allotment will be continued for twenty-six weeks to the wife, under the ordinary conditions for the continuation of separation allowance. In the case of a recruit who, on attestation, is tempor- arily sent to his home for a few days, separation allowance is issuable. Family allowance is not to be issuable to soldiers for 62 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: ARMY periods of civil employment, under Army Order 205 of 1915. The deductions to be made in respect of family allow- ance from the civil pay of civil servants and Government employees serving in the Army will be at the rate pre- scribed for separation allowance. Soldiers living with a dependant (Class B), whose title to separation allowance has been admitted, are eligible for allowances under this section. If a man forfeits his pay by reason of absence or is sent to detention for a short period, family allowance is issuable, subject to separation allowance regulations, and separation allowance may be issued for longer periods at the discretion of the Commanding Officer (A.O. 210/1915, 285/1915). When a soldier who has been in receipt of family allowance ceases to draw that allowance, and becomes entitled to separation allowance, the first payment of separation allowance would be made by the Paymaster of the new corps in case of transfer. The Rates of Consolidated Family Allowance are considerably varied by recent changes as follows — Army Order 2/1918 applies only to those soldiers who are in receipt of the ordinary rates of pay as laid down in the warrant of 1914 and subsequent warrants. It does not apply to men in receipt of special rates of pay, i.e., men who enlisted under the terms of Army Orders 282 and 283/1914. This means that the increased rates of allowance are only issuable to the men in receipt of the ordinary rates of pay (Army Order 3/1918). Certain changes have also been made in the classifica- tions. A soldier above the rank of private and below that of Serjeant is classed as a private for allowance purposes and now receives 21s. 6d. a week, and not 20s. 6d. as shown in the appropriate column, nor 21,s. 2d. as shown in Army Order 3/1918 (Army Order 39/1918). A soldier holding the rank of Serjeant receives 23s. 6d., •and not 22s. 6d. (Army Order 3/1918). Paragraph 185 of the Separation Allowance regulation WIVES 63 provides that deduction should be made from the Civil pay of Civil servants and Government employees at the rate of the separation allowance issued. This paragraph was amended by Army Order 141 of 1917, which provides that the deduction should be, in the case of a private soldier, 13s. 5d. per week from October to May, and 12s. per week from June to September. This amendment has now been cancelled by Army Order 2/19 1918, which provides that the deduction shall be 13s. 6d. It should be noted that these figures are applicable only in the case of a private soldier, corresponding rates are applicable to men of higher rank. When a soldier is living at home but messes necessarily away from his home, the rates issuable in the case of the soldier and wife only, continue to be those as previously issued in paragraph 175 (B) of the Separation Allowance regulation. Colonial. The following tables show the special weekly rates of separation allowance (exclusive of allotments from the soldier's pay) issuable to families of British soldiers who were residing in the undermentioned Dominions at the time of the soldier's enlistment (or before the war, if he was serving when the war began), so long as they continue to reside there : — CANADA BANK OF SOLDIER Corpl. and Pte. Serjt.' Col. Serjt. Regt. Q.M. Serjt. Warrant Officer Class 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Wife 11 1 11 1 12 10 18 1 19 3 Wife and 1 child . . 14 7 15 2 16 11 22 2 23 4 Wife and 2 children . 18 1 19 3 21 0 26 3 27 5 Wife and 3 children . 21 7 23 4 25 1 30 4 31 6 Wife and 4 children . 24 6 26 3 28 0 33 3 34 5 64 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: ARMY With an additional 2s. lid. per week for each additional child. Motherless children 5s. per week for each child. NEW ZEALAND RANK of SOLDIER. Corpl. and Pte. Serjt. Col. Serjt. Regt. Q.M. Serjt. Warrant Officer Class 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. s. d. 6'. d. s. d. S. d. s. d. Wife 9 4 9 4 11 1 16 4 17 6 Wife and 1 child 14 4 14 4 16 1 21 4 22 6 Wife and 2 children . 17 10 17 10 19 7 24 10 26 0 Wife and 3 children . 19 10 19 10 21 7 26 10 28 0 Wife and 4 children . 21 10 21 10 23 7 28 10 30 0 With an increase of 25. per week for each additional child. Motherless children 5s. per week for each child. AUSTRALIA RANK OF SOLDIER. Corpl. and Pte. Serjt. Col. Serjt. Regt. Q.M. Serjt. Warrant Officer Class 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Wife 9 11 9 11 11 8 16 11 18 1 Wife and 1 child . . 14 11 14 11 16 8 21 11 23 1 Wife and 2 children . 18 5 18 5 20 2 25 5 26 7 Wife and 3 children . 20 5 20 5 22 2 27 5 28 7 Wife and 4 children . 22 5 22 5 24 2 29 5 30 7 With an increase of 2s. per week for each additional child. Motherless children 5s. per week for each child. WIVES SOUTH AFRICA 65 RANI c OF SOLI >IEB. Corpl. and Pte Serjt. Col. Serjt. Regt. QM Serjt. Warrant Officer Class 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 8. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Wife 14 7 14 7 16 4 21 7 22 Q Wife and 1 child . . 19 10 20 5 22 2 27 5 28 7 Wife and 2 children . 25 1 26 3 28 0 33 3 34 5 Wife and 3 children . 30 4 32 1 33 10 39 1 40 3 Wife and 4 children . 35 0 36 9 38 6 43 9 44 11 With an increase of 4s. Sd. per week for each additional child. Motherless children 55. per week for each child. The wives and children of men serving in Colonial forces are not paid allowances by the Imperial Government, but by their respective Governments. Where Payment is Made. Payment of separation allowance and allotment to wives, children, and depen- dants, residing outside the United Kingdom, will be made as follows — PLACE OF RESIDENCE. India Australia — New South Wales. Queensland . South Australia Victoria Western Australia. Tasmania New Zealand . Canada \ Newfoundland J West Indies (except Ber- muda and Jamaica). W.P. PAYING OFFICER. Controller of Military Accounts of the Command in which the payee is residing. State Treasurer, Sydney. Brisbane. Adelaide. Melbourne. Perth. Hobart. Paymaster -General, Wellington. Officer Paying Pensions, Ottawa. The Treasurers of the respective Islands. 66 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: ARMY PLACE OF RESIDENCE. Bermuda. Jamaica .... South Africa) East Africa j ' Ceylon .... China .... Straits Settlements . Gibraltar Malta .... Egypt .... St. Helena Protectorates in Africa Continent of Europe (Allied and Neutral Countries). Other places outside H.M. Dominions PAYING OFFICES. Command Paymaster, Bermuda. ,, ,, Jamaica. ,, ,, Pretoria. Ceylon. Hong- Kong. Singapore. Gibraltar. Malta. Cairo. Acting Paymaster, St. Helena. The Treasurers of the Protec- torates. Home Paymaster where practic- able (by foreign money order). H.M. Consular Officers. SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: DEPENDANTS SEPARATION ALLOWANCES ISSUABLE TO DEPENDANTS OTHER THAN WIFE AND CHILDREN Dependants. (&) ' Dependants ' means such members of the soldier's family (other than wife and legitimate children or step-children) as were wholly or in part de- pendent upon his earnings at the time of his enlist- ment or mobilization. The ' soldier's family ' includes his father, mother, step-father, step-mother, grandson, granddaughter (including illegitimate children of whom the soldier is a grandfather), and the illegitimacy of the soldier himself will not affect the position of his parent or grandparents. It also includes a woman who has been entirely depen- dent upon the soldier for her maintenance, as well as the children of the soldier in charge of such woman (A.O. 440/1915). By A. 0.1 76/1 91 5, the dependants of soldiers other than wives and children as defined in A.O. 440/1914, were also made eligible as from March 1, 1915. The definition has been extended to " include any person who is found as a fact to have been dependent on the soldier for a reasonable period before mobilization or enlistment if later. When the soldier has been living in the same house, the assistance given by him must have been given on a bona-fide domestic basis Cases in which he merely paid for services rendered (e.g., by a landlady or a paid housekeeper) are not included (A.O. 101/1915). 67 68 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: ARMY An unmarried soldier means a widower, and dependants upon such a soldier may include his dependent sons and daughters over the age up to which separation allowance is usually issuable (A.O. 440/1915). Dependants are dealt with under two classes :— A. The soldier's father and mother or any other person whom he had supported on account of the ties of natural affection. The conditions of issue are as follows : — There must be proof of actual dependence prior to mobilization or enlistment. Except where otherwise provided separation allowance is only issuable while the soldier makes an allotment. Ordinarily the combined total of separation allowance and allotment issued in respect of any one soldier must not exceed the amount which the soldier had contributed in the past. The limit of separation allowance and allotment is ordinarily the standard rate for a wife only ; but when more persons than one were dependent on the same soldier, the maximum is that which would be payable if the first dependant had been a wife and the other had been children. A soldier may make a higher allotment, which will be added to the total issuable, but no additional separation allowance will be added in consequence. No allowance is issuable to a dependant, Class A, if an allowance is issuable to a dependant, Class B. A dependant, Class A, may receive separation allowance in respect of a man temporarily living at home, whether on duty or sick furlough and drawing a consolidated allowance for lodging and rations or, while messed regi- mentally, is drawing lodging allowance. In the case of a dependant, Class B, the conditions of issue are : — 1. That there must be proof that the woman has been dependent for her maintenance on the soldier, and has constantly, through a reasonable period prior to mobiliza- tion or enlistment of the soldier, been supported by him. DEPENDANTS 69 It will be understood that it is only necessary to establish the fact of regular and bona-fide support, and not its degree. 2. An allotment of pay must be made by the soldier, whether at home or abroad, at the full rate for the wife. 3. The rates will be as for soldiers' wives and children in ordinary circumstances, including the London allow- ance where admissible (A.O. 2/1916). Children. If the children of the soldier are living in charge of a dependant who is neither their mother nor drawing separation allowance as a dependant, Class B, the motherless rate is admissible and the allowance to the dependant in charge of the children and of any other dependants in the household will be assessed separately. But in assessing the degree of dependence a deduction will be made from the total sum formerly paid by the soldier, to represent the expenditure on the children. Separation allowance is issuable for the illegitimate child of a married soldier provided the child is a member of his household. It is also issuable for adopted children, if the case is thoroughly substantiated. Separation allowance is not issuable for the illegitimate child of an unmarried soldier if separation allowance is being drawn by a dependant of that soldier and the child is not in the care of that dependant. If, however, no separ- ation allowance is being issued to the dependant, then sep- aration allowance is issuable in respect of the illegitimate child at the motherless rate without any contribution by the soldier if the child was fully maintained by him in the house in which he lived prior to mobilization or enlist- ment, or if not living with the soldier, up to the amount of the prior maintenance within the limit of the motherless rate, provided in the latter case that the soldier first contributes the required allotment from his pay as in B. If the soldier's prior maintenance of the child was made under an Order of Court, the contribution required towards the amount of the prior maintenance will be the usual stoppage under Section 145, Army Act, as follows : — 70 SEPARATION ALLOWANCES: ARMY Where the soldier is a Warrant Officer, Class 1, not hold- ing an honorary commission, in respect of a wife or chil- dren, Is. 6^., and in respect of a bastard child, Is. Where the soldier is a Warrant Officer, Class 2, not holding an honorary commission, or a Non-commissioned Officer who is not below the rank of serjeant, in respect to wife or children, Is. ; in respect to a bastard child, Id. In the case of any other soldier, in respect of wife or child, 6d. ; in respect of bastard child, 4d. It is further provided in the same section that no proceedings instituted shall be valid against a soldier of the regular forces if serving, after such soldier is under orders for service beyond the seas. Section 138 of the Army Act authorizes the deduction of the above sums from the ordinary pay of the soldier in question. If separation allowance is being issued in respect of a wife or legitimate children separated from the soldier prior to his enlistment, no allowance is payable to any other dependant. Separation allowance is payable for any children whom a soldier may have maintained as his own ; that is to say, his illegitimate children, step-children, or children he may have adopted (A.O. 100/1915). Maintenance Order. A maintenance order in favour of the wife or children may be met entirely from the soldier's pay, consequently separation allowance may con- tinue to be issued in favour of the dependant. If, how- ever, he is not able, after satisfying the maintenance order, to pay the required allotment requisite to secure allowance in favour of a dependent, Class B, no allow- ance will be issued to that dependant. In such cases, the dependency is assessed as under the regulations governing the issue of allowance to dependants, Class A, and the allowance is contingent upon the required allot- ment. In order that separation allowance may be issuable in respect of the illegitimate child of a married man, that child mast be a member of his house- hold. It should be carefully noted that in all cases the pre- DEPENDANTS 71 enlistment basis of dependence is strictly adhered to in the assessment of separation allowances ; subsequent changes are not taken into account in order to increase the allow- ance, nor will any claim to an allowance because of depen- dence which has arisen after the date of enlistment or mobilization be considered. The amount of the allowance is decided by the Pension Officer and Pension Commitee after investigation of the statements in declarations made by the parties concerned (A.C.I. 632/1916). Allotments. It is commonly understood, though erro- neously, that the Government allowance to dependants equals the extent of pre-enlistment cash dependency. The fact is that the gross issue supposed to represent the extent of dependency is made up of allotment plus allowance. Suppose the man has been allowing his mother £1 per week, the cost of his maintenance may be estimated at 10 ID 1 J 1 | 1 fej ~nl I 1 I 1 5 I a (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) Per cent. £ £ 8. £ 8. £ £ 8. £ 8. £ In 1 100 350 325 0 275 0 250 225 0 175 0 100 addition 2 80 280 280 0 220 0 200 180 0 140 0 80 to retired 3 70 245 227 10 192 10 175 157 10 122 10 70 pay under 4 60 210 195 0 165 0 150 135 0 105 0 60 Royal 5 60 175 162 10 137 10 125 112 10 87 10 50 Warrant 6 40 140 130 0 110 0 100 90 0 70 0 40 of 1st 7 30 105 97 10 82 10 75 67 10 62 10 30 Decem- 8 20 70 65 0 65 0 60 45 0 35 0 20 ber, 1914. AKMY PENSIONS, ETC. 103 SECOND SCHEDULE. PENSIONS, GRATUITIES, AND ALLOWANCES TO OFFICERS' WIDOWS AND CHILDREN. Widow's Pension. Widow's Gratuity. Children's Allowance. Bank. Art. 11 (1). Art. 11 (2). Art. 11 (3). Art. 12 (1). (1) (2) (3) (*) (5) (6) £ £ £ £ £ Field-Marshal 800 600 3,500 30 25 General 600 450 3,000 30 25 Lieut.-General 500 375 2,000 30 25 Major-General . 400 300 1,100 30 25 Brigadier-General 300 225 900 30 25 "Colonel . . 200 150 600 24 20 tLieut.-Colonel 180 135 450 24 20 Major . 140 105 300 24 20 Captain 100 75 250 24 20 Lieutenant 100 75 140 24 20 Second Lieutenant 100 75 100 24 20 * Colonel means a Colonel who has been employed as a substantive Colonel if a combatant officer, or in the rank of Colonel if a medical, veterinary, or departmental officer. t Including a Colonel not employed as above. WOUND GRATUITIES. These grants are made to officers who have been wounded in action occasioning the loss of an eye, limb, or the use of a limb. SCALE Colonel Lt.-Col. Major . Captain Lieutenant . Second Lieutenant £600 £450 £300 £250 £140 £100 If the injury sustained is certified to be very severe, though not equivalent to the loss of a limb, a gratuity upon the scale as above may be awarded if the disable- ment is likely to last for a year. 104 ABMY PENSIONS, ETC. In other cases, a proportionate gratuity may be awarded. No award may be made of an amount less than one- fourth the amount of the scale. GRATUITY Under the terms of Article 497 of the Pay Warrant, 1914, officers at the close of the War receive a gratuity of 124 days' pay for the first year of service or part of such year, and sixty-two days' pay for each subsequent year or part of year. This does not apply to men called from retired pay ; these receive only half the above awards. A.O. 303/1917. Gratuities to Officers.— 1. With refer- ence to Army Order 406 of 1915, relating to the issue of the gratuity under Article 497 of the Pay Warrant, espe- cially in regard to paragraph 4, which provides for the issue in cases of relinquishment on account of ill-health, War Office authority will be given for the issue of the gratuity to officers who are entitled to it under the con- ditions of the above- quoted Army Order and who relin- quish their commissions, or are relegated to unemploy- ment for causes other than ill-health, before the expira- tion of the period of the emergency, i.e., the gratuity to which an officer may be entitled will be paid on the ter- mination of each period of service. The fact that a fur- ther period of employment during the emergency may be contemplated will not involve postponement of the issue of gratuity earned. 2. In the case of medical and veterinary students, approval may be given for the issue of the gratuity if they are permitted to resign in order to resume their studies, provided that not less than six months' com- missioned service has been rendered. This will apply only to (a) those students who would be able to take their degree or licence within twenty-four months, and who are, therefore, allowed under the regulations to resume their studies, and (b) other students not so far advanced in their studies who, owing to unfitness for ser- ARMY PENSIONS, ETC. 105 vice over-seas, may also be allowed, after consideration by the War Office, to resume their studies. 3. Officers who serve with the Forces administered by the Colonial Office or with the Egyptian Army will not be eligible for the gratuity in respect of the period of such service, and the gratuity to which they may be entitled in respect of their British service will not be issued until the termination of the present emergency. Similarly, any period for which an officer (for any reason whatsoever) does not draw Army rates of full pay under the Pay Warrant will not reckon in his period of service for which gratuity is admissible. 4. In the event of an officer being taken into employ- ment for a further period of service during the emer- gency, the paying authorities will take steps to ascertain and record — (a) Whether the gratuity has been issued in respect of any previous period of employment, or (6) Whether any previous period of employment is to reckon towards the service on which the gratuity on termination of the further period of employment will be calculated. In all cases under (a) the information will be obtain- able from the agent or paymaster who finally paid the officer during his previous period of employment. As regards (6), in all future cases of relinquishment of com- mission or relegation to unemployment, in which no gratuity is issued at the time, if the service will reckon towards the final gratuity this will be notified by the War Office to the paying authority, and on re-employ- ment this information will be obtainable from the same source as that under (a). As regards past cases under (b) reference should be made to the War Office. 5. If the inquiry under paragraph 4 (a) shows that a gratuity has been issued, a note will be made to secure that the amount paid is deducted when assessing the gratuity, if due, on termination of employment. This assessment will be based on the total paid service during the emergency, subject to the decision referred to in paragraph 4 (6), and will be calculated on the rate of pay 106 ARMY PENSIONS, ETC. drawn on the last day of service. If in any case it i& found that the amount so calculated is less than the amount previously issued in respect of previous periods of employment, no recovery will be made from the officer, 6. The following classes of officers will be allowed to reckon their total service if taken into employment for a second time during the emergency — (a) Officers who relinquish their commissions on account of ill-health not caused by Military duty, and whose service was less than six months (para. 4 of Army Order 406 of 1915). (b) Medical and veterinary students permitted to resign their commissions to continue their studies who do not qualify for the gratuity under para. 2 of this Army Order. In all other cases, re-employed officers who are in- eligible for the gratuity in respect of their first period of service will not reckon such service toward the period on which the final gratuity, if one is admissible, is based. 7. If the payment of a re-employed officer is trans- ferred from one paying authority to another, the infor- mation referred to in paragraph 4 should accompany the last pay certificate. 8. Attention is directed to the fact that until the end of the War no gratuity under Article 497 of the Pay Warrant is issuable without War Office authority. 9. The following amendment will be made in Army Order 406 of 1915— In line 2 of paragraph 2 (k), for ' or inefficiency, or for ? substitute ' such inefficiency or.' RETIRED PAY The terms of Article 497 of the Pay Warrant of 1914 arebyA.O. 406/1915 extended to retired officers re-em- ployed, officers of the Special Reserve, the Territorial Force, the New Armies, and to officers holding temporary commissions generally, with the following exceptions — The gratuity is not issuable to officers — ARMY PENSIONS, ETC. 107 Re-employed before the War and who continue in their peace employment during the present emergency. Granted commissions pro forma. Serving under special contracts which provide for the issue of a gratuity. Not in receipt of Army rates of pay as laid down hi the Pay Warrant. Not in receipt of pay from Army funds. Transferred to permanent commissions hi the Regular Army. Of the Unattached List, Territorial Force (serving with the Officers' Training Corps), who have been in receipt of Army rates of pay for a period of less than nine months, whether continuous or otherwise. Selected for continuous service in the Royal Flying Corps. Who voluntarily resign their commissions or volun- tarily revert to unemployment before the expiration of the period of emergency. Whose services are dispensed with for misconduct or inefficiency, or for other causes, which, hi the opinion of the Army Council, disqualify them for the grant of the gratuity. The provisions made under Article 497 of the Pay Warrant of 1914, and Army Order 406/1915, are not applicable to officers of the Royal Marines, or Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Force, serving in the Royal Naval Division. They are applicable, however, to officers of the Army serving in the Royal Naval Division, which as at present constituted comprises an Army Brigade and also Royal Marine and Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Battalions. OFFICERS RECALLED TO SERVICE Under the terms of Article 518 of the P.W. 1914, a- retired officer is liable to be recalled to service in the Regular Forces, Special Reserve, or Territorial Force, at a time of national emergency. 108 ARMY PENSIONS, ETC. This regulation does not apply to an officer — 1. Retiring under Indian regulations ; 2. On account of mental or physical incapacity ; or 3. On account of misconduct. Officers of the Special Reserve or Militia and the Territorial Force may also be employed, and civilians may receive Military positions in the Imperial Forces. These officers are entitled to receive the same rates of pay and allowances as officers of corresponding Army rank in the same arm or branch of the service ; or, if holding a command or employed on the Staff, the rates •of consolidated pay laid down for the appointments. In the case of retired officers, these rates are additional to any retired pay of which they may be in receipt, and irrespective of any gratuity they may have received on retirement. Officers employed on above who have completed the period of their engagement, whether on conclusion of the emergency in respect of which they were employed or not, or in respect of whom a shorter period of service is approved by the Army Council, are entitled to a gratuity of— 1. Thirty-one days' pay for every year or any part of a year of service, in the case of an officer who retired with retired pay or gratuity ; and 2. In the case of any other officer, 124 days' pay for the first year or any part of a year, and sixty-two days' pay for each subsequent year of service or part of a year. For the purpose of this gratuity ' pay ' means regimen- tal, departmental and staff pay only. The foregoing provisions are not applicable to officers who during a time of national emergency are eligible for retirement, nor to officers ' taken ' into employment before the occurrence of a national emergency and retained in such employment during such emergency. ARMY PENSIONS, ETC. 109» RE-ENLISTED SOLDIERS' PENSION IF GRANTED A COMMISSION If a soldier in receipt of disability pension re-enlists or joins the Navy, or is granted a commission, the extent of his disability may be reviewed and the pension awarded may be cancelled or reduced from the date of re-enlist- ment. The only exception to this regulation is that of a man who when awarded pension had completed eighteen years' service or more. In this case he may continue to receive under Article 1158 of the P.W. 1914 ' a rate of pension not less than the rate which our Commissioners of Chelsea Hospital would have awarded him for service alone when he was discharged for disability.' The article referred to (1158) provides that ' a pen- sioner re-enlisted during a time of national emergency may draw his pension in addition to his pay during the period of his service, but he shall not receive any addition to his pension in respect of such service unless he becomes t entitled to a higher rate under the provisions of Articles '1162 to 1166.' A.O. 443/15 amends this article by taking away any portion of the man's pension awarded for service and continuing the issue only of the amount which would have been awarded had there been no claim to pension on account of service. In the case of pensioners with less than eighteen years* service, this concession does not apply. OFFICERS' ALLOWANCES STATEMENT SHOWING THE DAILY RATES OF ALLOWANCES ISSUABLE TO CAPTAINS, LIEUTENANTS AND 2ND LIEUTENANTS, SERVING WJTH THE EXPEDITIONARY FORCE. I. CAPTAINS, LIEUTENANTS AND 2ND LIEUTENANTS ON REGI- 110 ARMY PENSIONS, ETC. MENTAL (UNCONSOLIDATED) RATES OF PAY, SERVING WITH THE EXPEDITIONARY FORCES. British Armies in France. Egyptian Expeditionary Force. Salonika Expeditionary Force. Lieuts. Lieuts. Lieuts. Capte. and 2nd Lieuts. Capts. and 2nd Lieuts. Capts. and 2nd Lieuts. s. d. s. d. S. d. S. d. s. d. s. d. Field Allowance 3 0 2 6 3 0 2 6 3 0 2 6 Lodging „ 2 3 2 0 2 3 2 0 2 3 2 0 Fuel and Light Allowance (aver- age) . 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 Colonial Allowance. — — 1 0 1 0 — — Total . 5 9 5 0 6 9 6 0 5 9 5 0 II. CAPTAINS AND LIEUTENANTS OF DEPARTMENTAL CORPS ON ORDINARY UNCONSOLIDATED RATES OF PAY, SERVING WITH THE EXPEDITIONARY FORCES. Allowances. British Armies in France. Egyptian Expeditionary Force. Salonika Expeditionary Force. Capts. Lieuts. Capts. Lieuts. Capts. Lieuts. S. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. S. d. s. d. Field Allowance 3 6 3 0 3 6 3 0 3 6 3 0 Lodging „ Fuel and Light Allowance (aver- age) . Colonial Allowance. 3 0 1 2 2 3 0 9 3 0 1 2 1 0 2 3 0 9 1 0 3 0 1 2 2 3 0 9 Total . 7 8 6 0 8 8 7 0 7 8 6 0 ARMY PENSIONS, ETC. Ill III. CAPTAINS, LIEUTENANTS AND 2ND LIEUTENANTS ON THE STAFF ON UNCONSOLIDATED RATES OF PAY, SERVING WITH THE EXPEDITIONARY FORCES. British Armies in France. Egyptian Expeditionary Force. Salonika Expeditionary Force. Allowances. Staff Staff Staff Staff Lieuts. Staff Lieuts. Staff Lieuts. Capts. 'and 2nd Lieuts. Capts. and 2nd Lieuts. Capts. and 2nd Lieuts. s. d. S. d. S. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Field Allowance 3 6 3 0 3 6 3 0 3 6 3 0 Colonial „ — — 1 0 1 0 — — • Total . 3 6 3 0 4 6 4 0 3 6 3 0 IV. DAILY RATES OF ALLOWANCES ISSUABLE TO CAPTAINS, LIEUTENANTS AND 2ND LIEUTENANTS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. Officers in the United Kingdom do not receive cash allowances as a matter of course like those with the Expeditionary Forces. They are normally ' all found ' with food, accommodation, etc. When allowances are issuable the rates are as follows — Field Lodging Allowance. Allowance. 1. On Regimental (unconsoli- dated) rates of pay — Captain .... Lieutenant and 2nd Lieutenant . 2. Departmental Corps on ordi- nary unconsolidated rates of pay — Captain .... Lieutenant 3. On the Staff Consolidated rates of pay . s. d. 3 0 2 6 3 6 3 0 8. d. 2 3 2 0 3 0 2 3 s. d. 0 6 0 6 1 2 0 9 112 ARMY PENSIONS, ETC. Field allowance is only issuable when an officer is under canvas, in temporary hutments, or in unfurnished build- ings, temporarily hired. It is not issuable concurrently with lodging allowance ; nor is fuel and light allowance issuable with it, but officers drawing Field allowance receive free fuel and light in kind. Lodging, fuel, and light allowances are only issuable if the officer is not accom- modated at the public expense and has to find his own accommodation, being ' placed on the lodging list ' for this purpose. All officers on ordinary British pay receive rations in kind, or, if this is not practicable, a cash allowance, based on the value of the ration from time to time. At present this is Is. 9d. per day. Officers of the quartermaster class, when necessarily separated from their families by the exigencies of the service, receive lodging, fuel and light allowances for their families, in addition to their own provision. Fuel and Light. 2076/16. Unless in camp, fuel and light or the allowance in lieu of are not issuable at home to officers who are in receipt of consolidated rates of pay (A.O. 337/1914, par. 6). Lodging, Fuel and Light Allowances for Officers promoted from the Ranks. Colonial Stations. With reference to the last paragraph of Army Order 307 of 1915, it has now been decided that the provisions of that Army Order may be extended, with effect from June 4, 1915, and for the period of the War. By the terms of A.O. 408/1915 the above concession is extended to similar officers stationed abroad in cases in which quarters or hired accommodation suitable for the officer and his family are not already avail- able. A.O. 307/1915 provides that in the case of a married officer promoted from the ranks, permitted to reside out ot barracks, lodging, fuel and light allowances are issuable whether quarters are available or not. This concession is operative from June 4, 1915, and will continue for the period of the War. ARMY PENSIONS, ETC. OFFICERS— PRISONERS British officers are credited with their pay while prisoners of war, subject to the deduction of the amount they may have received from the enemy. Additional pay for special work is not issuable, but armament, engineer and corps pay is issued where regi- mental pay is due. An officer serving overseas who is injured whilst taking part in properly organized Military games is entitled to compensation if his injury is classified by the Medical Board by whom he is examined as severe and permanent. An officer who has lost a leg will not be returned as fit for general service. He may be retained in the service at the discretion of the Army Council. The loss of an arm or an eye will not be considered as constituting a bar to fitness for general service. Retired officers recalled to service during a time of national emergency may be retained during the con- tinuance of the emergency, although he may pass the age limit for recall during his employment. DEMOBILIZATION OF OFFICERS An officer of the Special Reserve or Territorial Force (a) medically unfit for Military service and who has had all the sick leave to which he is entitled, or (b) who can be more usefully employed in a civil capacity, is demobilized, i.e., relegated to the unemployed list or to non-military employment. An officer holding a temporary commission (e.g., a New Army officer) situated as in '(!)' is required to relinquish his temporary commission. An officer of the regular permanent forces is not demo- bilized, but is subject to the terms of the Royal Warrant WP. 8 114 ARMY PENSIONS, ETC. for Pay and Promotion in case of employment in other than a Military capacity. Officers of the Special Reserve and Territorial Force who have been demobilized on the ground of ill-health will, when found fit for duty, be ordered to rejoin their units on instructions from the War Office. There is no official interpretation of ' demobilization ' as now applied by the War Office in the case of individual officers or soldiers no longer on active service who may have been discharged, disembodied, or transferred to the Reserve, other than the following. An officer of the Special Reserve or Territorial Force (a) medically unfit for Military service, and who has been granted all the sick leave to which he may be entitled, or (b) who may be more usefully employed in a civil capacity, may be demobilized, i.e., placed upon the unemployed Hst, or given non-mi litary employment. If the foregoing conditions apply to an officer holding s. temporary commission, he is required to relinquish his commission. COMMUTATION OF PENSION t Officers desiring to secure commutation should com- municate with the Secretary, War Office, London, S.W. No officer can in any case commute more than one half his retired pay, and a sum of not less than £80 a year must be left untouched. This restriction does not apply to wound pensions if permanent and providing they have been issued for at least two years. If in receipt of service and wound pension, the latter must be wholly commuted before an application in respect of the former will be considered. A fee is charged of not less than 3 per cent, upon the capital advanced, with a mini- mum of £5 and a maximum of £50. An application may be withdrawn within thirty days after receiving notice of an award, upon payment of a fee of £3 3s. ARMY PENSIONS, ETC. 115 Permanent Disability and Paralysis. Hospital : St. John's Lodge, Regent's Park, N.W. Cases recommended should apply to Dr. R. Fox Symonds, The British Red Cross Society, Room 91, 83 Pall, Mall, London, S.W.I. The Officers' Families Fund, Lansdowne House, Berkeley Square, W., of which the Countess Roberts is the Hon. Secretary, grants assistance to the wives and dependants of officers, whether serving in the Army or Navy. The work of this Fund is many-sided, and extends to the education of children medical assistance, housing accommodation, and the provision of clothing, etc. Increased Pay : Officers. PAY OF OFFICERS AND ALLOWANCE FOR OFFICERS' CHILDREN The increases sanctioned by A.O. of January 24, 1918, are for the remaining period of the War only, and are retrospective to October 1, 1917. The pay of Captains, Lieutenants and 2nd Lieutenants, except as given below, will not be less than 135. 6d. a day, 11s. 6d. a day, and 10s. 6d. a day respectively, such minimum rates to take into account any Guards, Arma- ment, Engineer or Corps pay to which the officer may be entitled. Where, except in the Royal Flying Corps, there are two rates of pay for a regimental Major, the higher rate will be issued. A Captain having higher rank by brevet will receive 2s. 9d. a day in addition to pay as Captain, or an amount which will increase his pay to that of a Major at the higher rate ; the higher rates of pay provided for subalterns promoted to permanent commissions from the ranks is issuable to Lieutenants and the lower rates to 2nd Lieutenants irrespective of length of service ; the rates of pay for Lieutenants after six years' service (seven years in the Household Cavalry) are suspended. 116 ARMY PENSIONS, ETC. The pay of certain officers of Royal Malta Artillery is to be — s. d. Captain . 12 6 Lieutenant . . ... . . .86 Lieutenant, after 7 years' service in the rank . 9 6 2nd Lieutenant . . . . . .76 The rates of pay of officers of the staff are shown in Schedule A, and further increases to the pay of certain regimental and departmental officers are shown in Schedules B and C. An allowance for children is issuable to regimental officers in receipt of pay as Captain, Lieutenant or 2nd Lieutenant, except officers of the Royal Malta Artillery, and to Staff and Departmental Officers, at the rate of £2 a month for each son under the age of 18, and each unmarried daughter under the age of 21, up to a maximum of four children for each officer. An allowance of £1 a month for each child is issuable under similar conditions to regimental officers in receipt of pay as Major or Brevet Major, and to Staff and Departmental Officers. An allowance of £1 a month for each child is issuable, under similar conditions, to officers of the Royal Malta Artillery who are in receipt of pay as Captain, Lieutenant or 2nd Lieutenant ; and an allowance of 10 s. a month for each child, under similar conditions, is issuable to officers of the Royal Malta. Artillery who are in receipt of pay as Major or Brevet Major. It should be noted that the foregoing does not apply to retired officers who are in receipt of retired pay in addition to full pay under Article 496 of the Warrant of December 1, 1914, nor does it apply to officers of the Indian Army, or officers in receipt of Indian rates of pay. If entitled to regimental pay, but not to armament, engineer or corps pay, officers of Royal Garrison Artillery, Royal Engineers, or Army Service Corps below the rank of Major receive regimental pay at rates not less than the rates laid down in paragraph 1 of Schedule B for officers of Infantry of the Line. The gratuity under Article 497 of the Pay Warrant for Officers of Royal Garrison Artil- ARMY PENSIONS, ETC. 117 lery, Royal Engineers or Army Service Corps, below the rank of Major, will be based on infantry rates of pay where these rates are more beneficial to the officer. An officer appointed under the authority of the Army Council to act temporarily as an officer of the Royal Engineers or Army Service Corps will receive additional pay at a rate which, together with the regimental pay of rank of the arm to which he belongs, will equal the pay and engineer pay, or pay and corps pay, of the same rank in the Royal Engineers or the Army Service Corps respectively. Regulations for the Issue of the Allowance in Respect of Officers' Children are as follows : — The full rate of £2 a month in respect of each child, up to a maximum of four, is issuable to — Staff and Educational Officers, and Officers of the Ordnance Factories, for whom the rate of pay when quarters are not allotted does not exceed £400 a year consolidated, or 15s. a day unconsolidated. NOTE. Lodging allowance is added to those rates under Article 433 of the Pay Warrant which are exclusive of quarters or lodging money in arriving at the total amount of pay which the officer is drawing. Regimental (except Royal Flying Corps) Officers, Medical and Veterinary Officers, in receipt of pay not exceeding the highest rate of pay laid down in the Pay Warrant for the rank of Captain in their respective corps. Equipment Officers, 3rd Class, Royal Flying Corps. Paymasters, Army Pay Department, holding the rank of Captain (excluding Acting Paymasters). Chaplains in receipt of pay as 4th Class Chaplains. Quartermasters. Ridingmasters, Directors of Music, and officers detailed in Article 330 of the Pay Warrant (as amended by Ajmy Orders 324 of 1915 and 325 of 1917) irrespective of rank, with the exception of Chief Inspectors and Inspectors, 1st Class, of Ordnance Machinery and Mechanical Transport, and Chief Inspec- tors, Superintending Inspectors, and Inspectors of Works. The half rate of £1 a month in respect of each child, up to a maximum of four, will be issuable to — 118 ARMY PENSIONS, ETC. Staff and Educational Officers, and Officers of the Ordnance Factories, for whom the rate of pay, when quarters are not allotted, exceeds £400 a year consoli- dated, or 15s. a day unconsolidated, and does not exceed £500 a year consolidated or 18s. Gd. a day uncon- solidated (see note above). Regimental, Medical and Veterinary Officers in receipt of the pay laid down in the Pay Warrant for Majors or Brevet Majors. Flying or Balloon Officers, Observers and Equipment Officers, 1st and 2nd Class, of the Royal Flying Corps. Ordnance Officers, 3rd and 4th Class. Staff Paymasters and Paymasters, Army Pay Depart- ment, holding the rank of Major, and Chaplains in receipt of pay as 3rd Class Chaplains. Medical Officers serving under contract on a consoli- dated rate of pay. Dentists serving under contract who are commissioned. Majors, Captains, and Subalterns of the Stationary Services who are not in receipt of civilian rates of pay. Chief Inspectors and Inspectors, 1st Class, of Ordnance Machinery and Mechanical Transport. Officers of Colonial Forces will be eligible for the allowance if in receipt of Imperial Pay Warrant rates of pay from British funds, but not otherwise. Payment will be limited to legitimate children and step-children, together with any other children of officers, having served in the ranks, who under the rules applicable to soldiers' children were then eligible for separation allowance. Claims on account of children adopted prior to October 1, 1917, and not provided for above, should be forwarded to the War Office (Accounts 5), 6 and 7, George Street, Hanover Square, London, W. 1. Claims on account of children adopted between October 1, 1917, and the date of this Army Order may also be put forward for special consideration. An officer with more than four eligible children will be entitled to claim the allowance for any four of his children who are eligible. ARMY PENSIONS, ETC. 119 In any case where a compassionate allowance from public funds is being issued in respect of a step-child or of an adopted child for whom children's allowance is granted the total payment from public funds will not exceed the maximum issuable under the regulations for either the compassionate allowance or the children's allowance, whichever is the greater. Officers will be required to furnish information as to any such compas- sionate allowances issuable for children in respect of whom claims are submitted for an allowance under these regulations. Payments will be made until children attain the age of 18 in the case of sons, and 21 in the case of daughters, if the officer remains so long on full pay or half -pay, but will cease in the event of marriage of daughters at an earlier age. The allowance will be admissible in respect of sons who are cadets at the Royal Military Academy, the Royal Military College, or at the Royal Naval Colleges at Dartmouth and Osborne, except in those cases in which no payments are required from the parent. Where mental or physical infirmity which prevents a son or daughter from earning his or her own living exists before reaching the age limit and is of a permanent nature, children's allowances are issuable irrespective of the age limit. The issue of the grant will be subject to verification of the circumstances and to the rendering of periodical certificates. Rank for the purpose of determining to what rate of children's allowance (if any) the officer is entitled, will in all cases be the rank, whether substantive, temporary or acting, of which the pay is drawn for the period in question. Children's allowance will continue to be issuable for officers transferred in future to half-pay so long as they remain on the active list. Officers of the active list now on half-pay will be eligible for children's allowance at the rate and under the conditions applicable to officers on full pay, their status when last in receipt of full pay being taken as determining the rate of allowance (if any) issuable. 120 ARMY PENSIONS, ETC. If the officer is serving in the United Kingdom, the application form must be signed by himseli. For an officer serving abroad or who is a prisoner of war, the application form may be signed by his wife or other person authorized by him to act on his behalf. In the case of officers reported as dead or missing prior to February 1, 1918, no application for children's allow- ance will be required. The necessary steps will be taken by the War Office. SCHEDULE A STAFF 1. Consolidated rates for Staff officers other than at the War Office. When quar- With ters are not quarters. allotted. £ £ Aide-de-Camp . ... 295 350 Staff Lieutenants — 1st class 295 350 2nd class 250 300 3rd class 210 250 Assistant to the Chief Inspector, In- spection Staff — If a Lieutenant . . . .300 350 2. Unconsolidated rates. Aide-de-Camp ..... 12s. Qd. daily, with allowances. ARMY PENSIONS, ETC. 121 sdioo eo co eo CD CD co co co co OO rHrH IftOOOOO I> eo o co "-I O -^ (M 1-4 l-H OO OO OOOO CO sdioo Sai^ia '8Q QI 8d S90H8UIUIOO JQpUBUIUIOQ 13 JO I o co co oo o co o eo , CO O •**« PPM l^QH • co eo coco eo co o os o.: O O rHrH CO CD TH CO CO O CO CO t- CO 0 -^ • CO O COO OOSOOS O OSOS CO CO s o oo'OtN rHCO lOt-I>OS 00 OO £** coo coo eocooos OrH rH(N COCOlOt- os 0 eo co CO OS rH °t- ^ co O coo cocooos coo co os O eo co aj O rH rH Boys . . . .Is. per day . No War Retainer. All ratings receive a provision allowance of Is. 5d. per day and a free kit on entry. All ratings (other than boys) receive a gratuity of thirty days' pay on discharge, if they have completed twelve months' service unbroken by desertion. The families of these men are entitled to separation allowance. In regard to the crews of hired drifters, these men were formerly employed on a civilian basis, but arrangements have recently been made to engage them under a special form of agreement by which they will be subject to Naval discipline. The standard rates of pay, which are variable to a small extent under local conditions, are as follows — Orkneys and Shetlands only. Mate. . . .65. Id. per day. Is. 3d. per day. Engineer . . .Is. ±d. „ Ss. 6d. ,, Remainder of Crew . 4s. Wd. „ 6s. Od. „ A daily allowance of Is. 5d. for food is also paid, and the •crews receive periodical gratuities when they are required to wear uniform. The families are not entitled to separa- tion allowance. Issue of Navy separation allowance to a wife is conditional, primarily, upon the husband being a Naval rating, marine or reservist, borne on the books of one of His Majesty's ships, and in receipt of Naval rates of pay. It is also necessary that he should allot, volun- tarily, not less than 55. a week in favour of his wife. WAR DEPARTMENT VESSELS The allowance of Is. per day payable to masters and crews of non-seagoing vessels, when employed temper- 198 NAVAL AND AUXILIARY PENSIONS, ETC. arily at a port other than their own, is not issuable on those days for which out-of-port allowance and travelling or detention allowances are paid, but may be drawn con- currently with exceptional employment and hard lying money (A.C.I. 947/1917). NAVAL HOSPITAL STOPPAGES If a man is abroad, no stoppages are made for hospital maintenance or treatment. If a man is injured or wounded in the execution of his duty, he is given a ' hurt certificate ' which exempts him from stoppages. Men and boys below the rank of Warrant Officers, when sent to hospital at home, have the following amounts stopped out of their pay after they have been there thirty days — In the case of men, (a) IQd. a day if their pay is not less than Is. 6d. a day ; (6) 8d. a day if it is. In the case of boys, 4d. a day. In the case of marines, Id. a day, irrespective of rates of pay. If they remain in hospital another sixty-one days — i.e., ninety-one days in all — all their pay is stopped, their contributions to the National Health Insurance cease, and when they return to civil life all arrears have to be paid in full, including the employer's contribution, before they are entitled to benefit. THE NAVAL DISCIPLINE ACT, 1866 1. A person subject to this Act is liable to contribute to the maintenance of his wife and of his children, and also to the maintenance of any bastard child of which he may be proved to be the father, to the same extent as if he were not so subject ; but execution in respect of any such liability or of any order or decree in respect of such maintenance cannot issue against his person, pay, arms, ammunition, equipments, instruments, or clothing ; nor is he liable to be punished for the offence of deserting or NAVAL AND AUXILIARY PENSIONS, ETC. 199 neglecting to maintain his wife or family, or any member thereof, or of leaving her or them chargeable to any union, parish, or place. 2. When any order or decree is made for payment by a man who is or subsequently becomes subject to this Act either of the cost of the maintenance of his wife or child, or of any bastard child of whom he is the putative father, or of the cost of any relief given to his wife or child by way of loan, a copy of such order or decree shall be sent to the Admiralty or any officer deputed by them for the purpose, and in the case — (a) of such order or decree being so sent ; or (b) of it appearing to the satisfaction of the Admiralty or any officer deputed by them for the purpose that a person subject to this Act has deserted or left in destitute circumstances, without reasonable cause, his wife or any of his legiti- mate children under 14 years of age. the Admiralty or officer shall order to be deducted from his daily pay an amount not exceeding — ' Where the person is a petty officer or a non-com- missioned officer who is not below the rank of Serjeant — in respect of a wife or children, one shilling, and in respect of a bastard child, sixpence ; ' In the case of any other person subject to this Act — in respect of a wife or children, sixpence, and in respect of a bastard child, fourpence : ' Provided that no such deductions from pay in liquida- tion of the sum adjudged to be paid by such order or decree shall be ordered unless the Admiralty, or officer deputed by them, are satisfied that the person against whom the order or decree was made has had a reasonable opportunity of appearing to defend the case before the court by which the order or decree was made, and a certificate, purporting to be a certificate of the commanding officer of the ship on which he was or is serving, or on the books of which he was or is borne, that the person has been prevented by the requirements of the service from attending at a hearing of any such case shall be evidence of the fact unless the contrary is proved.' 200 NAVAL AND AUXILIARY PENSIONS, ETO. NAVAL NOTES The medal for conspicuous gallantry is the next highest award to the Victoria Cross open to men of the Royal Navy and Marines. The award of this distinction may carry with it an annuity not exceeding £20 in the case of chief petty officers and petty officers of the Navy and Serjeants of the Royal Marines. The annuity is not issuable to men of lower ratings. Pensions are no longer obtained under Proclamation, but are paid on completion of the required period. Pay- ment is retrospective as from the beginning of the War. Prior to November 30, 1915, payment of remittances of Navy men could only be made upon a certificate of identification signed by a magistrate, minister of religion, or other specified authority. By an Order in Council of the above date the payment of remittances by money order through the regular Post Office channels was authorized. The Chancellor of the Exchequer (Mr. Bonar Law) stated in the House of Commons on February 14, 1917, that ' Naval Pensions are chargeable to Income Tax at the ordinary earned income rates appropriate to the total incomes of the pensioners. COLONIAL PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES COLONIAL HEADQUARTERS Australian Imperial Force. — Administrative Head- quarters, 130, Horseferry Road, Westminster, London, S.W.I. New Zealand Expeditionary Force. — D.D.M.S. Head- quarters, 8, Southampton Row, W.C. Canada.— 103 Oxford Street, London, S.W. New Zealand. — 8, Southampton Row, London, W.C. South Africa. — 65, Victoria Street, London, S.W. CANADIAN PENSIONS 1 . The pensions authority for the Dominion of Canada is the Board of Pensions Commission. 2. The decision of this body is final and there is no appeal. 3. Every award is determined by the disability of the applicant without reference to his occupation prior to enlistment. 4. No deduction is made from the amount awarded to any pensioner owing to his having undertaken work or perfected himself in some form of industry. 5. In the case of disabilities, pensions to members of the Forces and allowances to their children are paid at the rates set forth in Schedules A and B appended. There are twenty classes of pension on account of dis- 201 202 COLONIAL PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES ability, and each member of each class is awarded pension in direct proportion to his partial or total disability. Members of the forces permanently disabled to a less degree than 5 per cent, are entitled to a gratuity not exceeding $100. To those up to and including the rank of Sub-Lieutenant (Naval) or Lieutenant (Militia) who are totally disabled and who in addition are helpless so far as attending to their physical wants is concerned, a further allowance may be made of an amount not exceeding $300 a year, but such allowance is subject to review from time to time. 6. The widow of a member of the Forces who has been killed or who has died from injuries received, or disease due to active service, may, provided she was married to the man when his disability was received, receive until she re-marries, pension as shown in Schedules C and D, with allowances for her children as set forth in the same schedules. 7. In addition to the personal pension, annual allow- ances for children in accordance with Schedules A and B appended hereto may be paid to disabled pensioners. If the children for whom allowances are being paid do not live with the pensioner the allowances for them may be paid to a guardian. 8. If a member of the Forces who has been killed on active service was a widower, but leaves a child or chil- dren, such child or children shall receive an allowance of $16-00 per month each. 9. The scale pension may be awarded the ' unmarried wife ' of a member of the Force, and in the case of her re- marriage she may receive as a gratuity an amount equivalent to one year's pension. 10. Allowance for children cease in the case of a boy at the age of 16, and of a girl at 17 years, unless owing to physical or mental disability the child is unable to earn a livelihood, in which case the allowance may be continued until the child is 21. 11. The pension to a member of the Forces and the allowance to his children on account of disability shall take effect from the day following the date upon which COLONIAL PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES 203 he was discharged. The pension to the widow or parent and the allowances to the children or brothers and sisters on account of the death of a member of the Forces shall take effect from the first day of the month following the month in which the member of the Forces was officially reported missing or dead, in cases in which separation allowance or assigned pay or both, were not being paid or were discontinued on the last day of the month in which he was officially reported missing or dead, and in all other cases from a day to be decided upon. A gratuity equivalent to two months' pension or allow- ances is paid the first month in addition to the pension and allowances issuable to the widow and children. 12. Every invalided member of the Canadian Force receives pay and allowances until the date of his dis- charge ; and no man is discharged until it has been certified that further treatment will be of no benefit. If a member of the Canadian Expeditionary Force who has been discharged subsequently requires treatment for a disability which is certified to have been caused or aggravated by service, he may be re attested as a member of the Canadian Force, and placed on pay and allowances from the date of re-attestation, his pension, if any, being cancelled from such date. The following are the schedules referred to : — 25? u 4 •ft is *»%<» S3 ~sw ;oo ,00 00 « NK. n It §§ 00 oo O !M §s n in 00 rH aS 204 i! tnOO -Oifl 03 OO -goo |8S28 ..SSSiS iOO oo 00 ~8ff §§ o i> I I I I i i 0 oeo 3"> 0OO 00 OCO OCO §§ 00 OOJ OO rH §0 o oo 206 !§§ §8 §5 ioo oo oo oo oo ;oo oo oo oo oo || 3§§ §§ 'o oo 188 §§ §§ OCO 53=° 3§§ §§ §§ :s §' ;§ §§ 8 • Is il I' i- f • HI- a . g . |ga . g,^ |a _ "SS lo -S » "1 S ^: l| 91" §§5a «! SS 4»'S ac5s g: I a I I 207 208 COLONIAL PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES SCHEDULE C SCALE OF PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES FOR DEATHS Bank or Rating of Member of Forces. Rate per Annum. Widows or Dependent Parents. Each Child or each Dependent Brother or Sister. All ratings below Petty Officer (Naval) ; Rank and file (Militia) Chief Petty Officer and Petty Officer (Naval) ; Squad, Battery or Company Serjt.-Major and Q.M. Serjeant (Militia) ; Serjt., including Staff Serjt. and Colour Serjt. (Militia) Naval Cadet and Midshipman (Naval) ; Master Gunner not W.O. (Militia) ; Regimental Serjt.-Major not W.O. (Militia) ; Regimental Q.M. Serjeant (Militia) * cts. 48000 510 00 62000 680 00 72000 $ cts. 9600 9600 96 00 96 00 69 00 Warrant Officer and Chief Warrant Officer (Naval) ; Warrant Officer (Militia) . Sub-Lieutenant (Naval) ; Lieutenant (Militia) SCHEDULE D SCALE OF PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES FOB DEATHS Rank or Rating. Widow or Dependent Parents. Each Child or Dependent Brother or Sister. Lieutenant (Naval), Captain (Militia) * cts. 800 00 1,008 00 $ cts. 96 00 96 00 Major (Militia) ...» . 1 008 00 96 00 Commander and Captain with under three years' seniority (Naval) . . 1 248 00 120 00 Lieut -Colonel (Militia) 1 248 00 120 00 Captain (Naval) ... ... 1 512 00 120 00 Commodore and higher ranks (Naval) . Brigadier-General and higher ranks (Militia) 2,160 00 2,160 00 12000 12000 COLONIAL PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES 209 REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE ISSUE OF SEPARATION ALLOWANCE FOR THE CANA- DIAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE Separation allowance is a grant made by the Govern- ment of the Dominion of Canada to dependants of mem- bers of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. The object of the allowance is to assist members of the Force, while serving therein, in providing and maintaining a home for their respective dependants. ' Dependants ' within the meaning of these regulations includes — (a) Wife. (6) Guardian of motherless children. (c) Widowed mother, if the officer or soldier is her sole support, and is unmarried within the meaning of these regulations. (d) Mother, deserted by her husband, if the officer or soldier is her sole support, and is unmarried, within the meaning of these regulations. (e) Mother, whose husband is alive but totally incapaci- tated from earning a living, if the officer or soldier is her sole support, and is unmarried, within the meaning of these regulations. (/) Woman with whom an unmarried officer or soldier was living in domestic relations and publicly represented as his wife for a reasonable period immediately prior to enlistment. ' Officers ' within the meaning of these regulations includes all officers and nursing sisters appointed to the Canadian Expeditionary Force and paid as members of such. * Soldiers ' within the meaning of these regulations includes all ranks, except officers, properly attested and serving on the strength of the Canadian Expeditionary Force and paid as members of such. ' Mother ' within the meaning of these regulations includes widowed, foster-mother and step-mother. ' Widowed mother ' within the meaning of these regu- lations includes widowed, foster-mother and step-mother. W.P. H 210 COLONIAL PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES ' Children ' within the meaning of these regulations includes step-children. The following regulations for the issue of separation allowance will be effective from the first day of September, 1917. For the remaining period of the War they super- sede all other regulations and enactments previously issued, and will be regarded as authoritative directions in the matter of separation allowance, subject to amend- ments by Order in Council. They will have no retroactive effect, other than to confirm decisions already given and action taken in accordance with them. RATES OP ALLOWANCES The rates of allowances are as follows — Rank and file Serjeants and higher rank below that of W.O. (1st Class) . Warrant Officers (1st Class) Lieutenants . Captains Majors Officers of Field Rank higher than that of Major .... $ c. 20 00 per month 2500 3000 3000 4000 5000 6000 No person shall receive more than one allowance for his or her own benefit. Only the one allowance may be issued on account of any officer or soldier, and that will be paid to or for his dependant. In exceptional cases, however, as for instance when there is a wife in one locality and children by a former wife in another, the allowance may be divided. Soldiers on whose account separation allowance is issuable must assign to the recipient not less than fifteen days' pay of rank (working pay and field allowance excluded). In cases where no such assignment has been made, but where it has been decided that the dependant is entitled to separation allowance, a compulsory assign- ment of fifteen days' pay of rank (working pay and COLONIAL PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES 211 field allowance excluded) may be put in force against the account of the officer or soldier. Should the officer or soldier object, it will be decided whether the compulsory assignment shall be continued or not. Casualties to the Officer or Soldier. If the officer or soldier is in receipt of a salary from the Dominion or Provincial Government during his service with the Canadian Expeditionary Force, no separation allowance will be paid on his account, unless the salary in question is less than the rate of separation allowance, in which case the difference will be paid. Subject to corresponding increase of assigned pay, separation allowance will increase automatically with promotion, but promotion to acting rank will not be accepted as a reason for increase of separation allowance. The rate of separation allowance will not be reduced when an officer or soldier voluntarily reverts to lower rank in order to proceed overseas from England to the Front, but upon a reduction or reversion for any other cause, the rate of the allowance will automatically decrease to the rate authorized for such lower rank. In the case of officers and soldiers who die while serving or are reported c missing/ separation allowance will continue to be paid monthly thereafter at the rates laid down in Clause (a) below, and assigned pay will continue or begin to be paid at the rates laid down in Clause (b) below, until such time as pension is ready for issue, in cases where a pension is to be awarded. In cases where no pension is to be awarded, separation allowance and assigned pay will cease as soon as the S.A. and A.P. Division has been notified of the fact that no pension is to be awarded. (a) The rates at which separation allowance will be paid in the above cases are those to which the officer or soldier was entitled at the time of his death, or when he was reported ' missing.' (b) Assigned pay will be paid monthly at a rate equal to fifteen days' pay of rank of the officer or soldier (work- ing pay and field allowances excluded). Withdrawal, Cessation and Suspension. The allowance 212 COLONIAL PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES will be discontinued to a dependant who is, owing to serious misconduct, unworthy to receive it. Except as provided below, the allowance, if otherwise issuable, will not be withheld for periods for which the officer or soldier forfeits pay. The allowance will be suspended if the soldier on whose behalf it has been issued is sentenced by any properly constituted authority to imprisonment for a period of six months or over. The allowance will be resumed from the date on which the soldier again com- mences to draw pay after the completion of his sentence. Payment of allowance will be suspended upon the officer or soldier being reported absent without leave, and the account will be closed from the date on which it was suspended upon the officer or soldier being declared a deserter by a Court of Inquiry. If the officer or soldier rejoins from desertion, payments suspended under the provision of the foregoing paragraph may be resumed from the date on which he again comes on pay. Dependants of officers and soldiers reported ' prisoners of War ' will continue to draw allowance as if the officer or soldier were still on active service. When an officer or soldier is discharged without pen- sion, separation allowance and assigned pay may be con- tinued to the dependant to the end of the month in which the officer or soldier is discharged. Wives and Legitimate Children. The allowance may be issued in favour of such motherless legitimate children as, in the case of boys, are under the age of 16, and in the case of girls, under the age of 17. When the allowance is claimed by an officer or soldier for his motherless children, a guardian of the children should be named in writing by the officer or soldier for the purpose of receiving the allowance. The allowance will not be issued for dependants who are maintained in a Dominion or Provincial Institution at the expense of the Dominion or Provincial Government. Where a wife is separated from her husband by written separation agreement or a judicial decree of * separation COLONIAL PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES 213 from bed and board,' or other similar judicial decree, and is entitled under such agreement or by order of a com- petent court to payments from her husband, and such pay- ments do not equal the amount so agreed upon or ordered to be paid by the court, a compulsory assignment of pay, equivalent to the difference between the separation allowance and such payments, will be made, but not exceeding fifteen days' pay of rank (working pay and field allowance excluded) of the officer or soldier. (a) Where the wife is separated from her husband as above and is living apart from the children and is not charged with their care, separation allowance or assigned pay, subject to any valid claim of the wife, may be issued to the guardian of the children. (b) If the wife has been separated from her husband and it does not appear that the husband is absolved from supporting her, and if the wife furnish a satisfactory explanation for not having obtained a judgment for alimony, separation allowance may be issued to the wife. (c) Where the separation is not by virtue of an agreement or decree, and the wife for a reasonable time prior to the enlistment of the officer or soldier was separated from him and was not in receipt of any payments from him, no issue of separation allowance will be made. Other Dependants. ' Unmarried officers and soldiers ' will be held to include ' widowers ' without children, and will also include married officers and soldiers, provided no separation allowance is issuable to their wives or legiti- mate children. A mother whose husband is, through physical or mental disability, entirely incapacitated from earning a living, or who has deserted her and has not been sup- porting her for a reasonable length of time, will be treated as a widowed mother and granted the allowance, provided the officer or soldier prior to enlistment was, or subse- quent to enlistment has become, her sole support, and the officer or soldier is ' unmarried.' Any material improvement in the financial con- dition of a mother receiving the allowance, as a widowed mother, must be at once communicated to the officer 214 COLONIAL PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES issuing separation allowance and assigned pay, and the with- holding of such information whereby payments have been obtained shall be deemed to constitute fraudulent action. If otherwise eligible, a widowed mother dependent on two unmarried sons, one of whom has enlisted in the Force, will be entitled to the allowance when the remain- ing son enlists ; and a widow with three or more unmar- ried sons, on whom she is dependent, will be entitled to the allowance when a third son has enlisted. The allowance to a widowed mother will cease upon her re-marriage, or upon the marriage of her son in respect of whom the allowance has been granted. A woman who has been living with an officer or soldier who is ' unmarried ' and publicly represented by him as his wife, and has been regularly supported by him on a bona-fide domestic basis for a reasonable time prior to enlistment, and the children of the officer's or soldier's household permanently maintained by him, will be entitled to the allowance. The allowance may be granted for such adopted chil- dren of an officer or soldier as are, in the case of boys, under the age of 16, and in the case of girls, under the age of 17, provided such children have been regularly sup- ported by the officer or soldier. Separation allowance will not be issued in respect of a nursing sister who is herself in receipt of separation allowance as a dependant. An officer or soldier intending to marry must inform his Paymaster of his intention a sufficient length of time in advance of the marriage, to allow steps to be taken to discontinue the issue of any separation allow- ance or assigned pay previously authorized for another dependant on his account. The issue to the wife will not commence until the issue to the other dependant has ceased, which should be at the end of the month in which the marriage has taken place. A payment is made by the Canadian authorities to officers and other ranks who return to Canada to enable them to readjust their position in civil life. The payment is not made to men who take their discharge in this country in order to remain here. COLONIAL PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES 215 AUSTRALIA The War Pensions Act, 1914-16 is ' an Act to provide for the grant of Pensions upon the death or incapacity of members of the Defence Force of the Commonwealth and members of the Imperial Reserve Forces, resident in Australia, whose death or incapacity results from their employment in connection with warlike operations.' This measure was assented to on December 21, 1914. The Regulations which govern the issue of pension are much the same as those in force with the New Zealand contingent. The following provisions are, however, especially worthy of notice — ' Member of the Forces ' means a member of the Commonwealth Naval or Military Forces enlisted or appointed for or employed on active service outside Australia, or employed on a ship of war. ' Incapacity ' means bodily or mental infirmity which wholly or in part prevents the earning a livelihood, and which results, or has resulted, from employment in connection with the warlike operations referred to in the Act. 1 Incapacity ' includes incapacity of a member of the Forces arising from disease not due to the default of the member, contracted by him while employed on active service. In the case of the death of a member of the Forces, a claim by a dependant (including widow) will not be recog- nized if made more than six months after the date of the public notification in the Gazette of the death of the member ; but a parent who, though not dependent upon the earnings of the member at the time of his death, is at any time within five years after such death without adequate means of support, may make a claim within five years after such death. If, as a result of his service, any member of the Forces has not lost his life, but has been incapacitated, his wife and each of his children who, but for his incapacity, would have been dependent upon his earnings, are entitled to pensions. The Act defines ' child ' as a 216 COLONIAL PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES dependant who is under the age of 16 years and who is a son, a daughter, a step-son, a step- daughter, or an adopted child of a member of the Forces. Partial Incapacity. Partially incapacitated members are entitled to rates which will depend upon the nature and probable duration of the incapacity. Special Disabilities. The rates of pension payable for special disabilities are shown in the schedule as under — DESCRIPTION OF DISABILITY. RATE OF PENSION PAYABLE. Loss of leg or foot . . The maximum rate for six months, thereafter three-fourths of the maximum rate. Loss of hand or arm. . The maximum rate for six months, thereafter three-fourths of the maximum rate. Loss of one eye . . . Half of the maximum rate. Loss of both legs . . The maximum rate. Loss of both feet . . The maximum rate. Loss of both arms . . The maximum rate. Loss of both hands . . The maximum rate. Loss of arm and leg . . The maximum rate. Loss of hand and foot . The maximum rate. Loss of both eyes . . The maximum rate. Loss of one eye, together with loss of leg, foot, hand, or arm . . . The maximum rate. A leg, foot, hand, arm, or eye is deemed to be lost if it is ren- dered permanently and wholly useless. In the case of a member of the Forces who has not lost his life, the list of persons to whom pensions may be granted is not so comprehensive as it is in the case of a member of the Forces who has died. It should be pointed out also that in the case of a member who has lost his life, the person for whom a pension is claimed must have been a dependant at the time of the member's death, while, in the case of a member who has not lost his life, it is necessary to prove that the person for whom pension is claimed would have been dependent upon the earnings of the member but for his incapacity. In the case of an COLONIAL PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES 217 ex-nuptial child, it is necessary to prove that the member of the Forces at the time of his death was actually contri- buting to the maintenance of the child. Mere blood re- lationship does not show dependence. SCALE OF PENSIONS PAYABLE TO WIDOW ON DEATH OF A MEMBER OF THE FORCES OR TO A MEMBER UPON TOTAL INCAPACITY Column One. Column Two. Column Three. Rate of pay of the Pension payable to Pension payable to member per day. widow on death of member upon total member. incapacity. s. d. £ S. d. £ s. d. 60 . 52 0 0 per annum 52 0 0 per annum 70 . 56 0 0 56 0 0 90 . 64 0 0 64 0 0 10 0 68 0 0 68 0 0 10 6 . 70 0 0 70 0 0 11 6 . 73 0 0 73 0 0 12 0 74 10 0 74 10 0 13 0 . 77 10 0 77 10 0 17 6 91 0 0 91 0 0 22 6 101 0 0 101 0 0 30 0 . 116 0 0 116 0 0 37 6 . 131 0 0 131 0 0 45 0 146 0 0 146 0 0 50 0 and upwards 156 0 0 156 0 0 Where the rate of pay of a member of the Forces exceeds a rate shown in column one of this schedule, and is less than the next higher rate in that column, the rates of pen- sions payable for the purposes of columns two and three will be proportionately adjusted. Children of Deceased Members. Children receive pen- sions as under — For the first child For the second child . For each subsequent child s. d. 20 0 a fortnight. 15 0 10 0 218 COLONIAL PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES Orphans. Where both the member of the Forces and his wife are dead, their children are entitled to pension at the undermentioned rates — s. d. Up to 10 years of age . 20 0 a fortnight. From 10 to 14 years of age . 25 0 „ From 14 to 16 years of age . 30 0 „ Children of Incapacitated Members. The children of totally incapacitated members are entitled to the same rates of pension as the children of deceased members. The children of partially incapacitated men are entitled to pensions according to the extent of incapacity of the soldier. Other Dependants. The following members of a family are entitled to pensions, at such rates as are assessed, if they were wholly or partly dependent on the soldier within twelve months prior to his enlistment or appoint- ment, viz. : father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, step-father, step-mother, foster-mother, son, daughter, grandson, granddaughter, step-son, step-daughter, brother, sister, half-brother, half-sister, adopted child, mother-in-law, ex-nuptial grandchild. Widowed Mothers of Unmarried Sons. The widowed mother of an unmarried son whose death results from his employment in connection with the war is eligible for the full amount of pension according to the scale for widows of members. Parents without Adequate Means of Support. The parents of any member of the Forces if at any time after the occurrence of the event resulting in his death are without adequate means of support may be granted pensions. Unmarried Wives. A woman dependent on a member of the Forces, and recognized as his wife (though not legally married to him) , may be granted the same amount of pension as if she were married to him. Children of Deceased Members. Pensions granted to children of deceased members are payable until they reach the age of 16 years, or for two years from the date COLONIAL PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES 219 of commencement — whichever period is the longer. If, on attaining the age of 16 years, any child of a deceased member is not able to earn a livelihood, an application may be made within the following six months for a fresh pension. Children of Incapacitated Members. Pensions granted to children of incapacitated members are subject to the same conditions as pensions granted to children of deceased members. There is, however, this additional provision — if the member recovers from his incapacity before all of his children have attained the age of 16 years, his own pension may be cancelled, and, since he is no longer incapacitated, the children under 16 years of age will cease to be eligible, and their pensions also may be cancelled. Wives of Incapacitated Members. The wife of an incapacitated member receives pension as long as her husband is incapacitated. The addresses of the various Deputy-Commissioners of Pensions are as under — Sydney . . 17, Bligh Street. Melbourne . . Brooks Building, 65, Elizabeth Street. Brisbane . . Desmond Chambers, Adelaide Street. Adelaide . . Brookman's Building, Grenfell Street. Perth . . A.M.P. Buildings, St. George's Terrace. Hobart . . National Mutual Buildings, Macquarie Street. London . . Australia House, Strand, London, W.C.2. On application personally or by letter to a Deputy- Commissioner full information will be supplied on any matter relating to pensions. Period allowed for Applying. Claims should be made within six months after discharge. NEW ZEALAND WAR PENSIONS. The War Pensions Act, 1915, makes provision for every member of the New Zealand Naval Forces, or of any Expeditionary Force raised in New Zealand for service 220 COLONIAL PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES beyond New Zealand in the present War, and their depen- dants. The right to a pension in respect of the death of a member of the Forces extends to the wife and children of a member who dies of wounds or injuries received or disease contracted in his employment as such member, if such death occurs within seven years after the receipt of the wound or injury, or the commencement of the dis- ease. Such pension shall be in lieu of the pension receiv- able by the wife and children respectively in respect of the disablement of the member. ' Child' means a dependant under the age of 16 years, being a son, daughter, step-son, step- daughter, or illegiti- mate child of a member of the Forces, or a child legally adopted by such member before he became a member of the Forces. * Dependants ' mean the wife of a member of the Forces at the time of his death or disablement. ' Member of the family ' means wife, child, father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, step-father, step- mother, grandson, granddaughter, brother, sister, half- brother, half-sister or mother-in-law. Special Provisions as to Wives and Children of Native Members of the Forces. Every application by a native woman for a pension in respect of the death or disable- ment of her husband must be supported by a certificate signed by a Judge, Commissioner, or Registrar of the Native Land Court that the applicant was married according to native custom, and that the marriage was subsisting at the time of the death or disablement of the husband. Increased Pensions to Orphan Children. The maximum rate of pension that may be paid to a child whose parents are dead at the date of granting a pension, or whose parents or surviving parent may die after that date, is double the appropriate rate specified with respect to such child. Provisions for Pensions to Parents of Deceased Mem- ber whose means may in future become inadequate. A pension may be granted at any time to any person, not COLONIAL PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES 221 being a dependant within the meaning of the Act, and being the father or mother of a member of the Forces whose death has resulted from his employment as such member at any time subsequent to his departure from New Zealand, if — (a) In the case of the mother, the applicant is not less than 50 years of age ; (6) In the case of the father, the applicant is not less than 55 years of age ; and — (c) In either case, the applicant has not adequate means of support. Under the terms of the War Pension Amendment Act, 1916, pensions under the principal Act may be granted and paid to a member of the Forces, or to the father, mother, wife, or children of any such member, but not to any other dependant, notwithstanding that the pensioner may not be, or may cease to be, resident in New Zealand. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the prin- cipal Act, the Board may at any time grant a pension, of such an amount as it thinks fit, to the father or mother of a member of the Forces if the Board is satisfied that the applicant for a pension under this section has not adequate means of support. Where an application for a pension in respect of the death or disablement of a member of the Forces is made by the widowed mother of such member, and such mem- ber was her sole support, the pension granted to the applicant shall not in any case be less than would have been granted if the applicant was the wife of the member in respect of whose death or disablement the application is made. In determining the rate of pension payable to a member of the Forces, or to the wife or to any child of a member of the Forces, the Board shall not take into consideration the property or income from any source of the applicant. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the prin- cipal Act, the Board may grant a pension under that Act, in respect of the death or disablement of a member of the Forces, to any person not being a dependant within 222 COLONIAL PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES the meaning^of that Act, if such person satisfies the Board that he has suffered material loss of income or property by reason of the death or disablement of the member of the Forces, and that he has not adequate means of sup- port. In addition to the amount of any pension payable to a member an allowance may be issued, not exceeding 105. per week, if and so long as the services of an attendant are indispensable. The claims of the wife and children to a pension have precedence over the claim of any other dependant ; and where a wife or children are entitled to a pension the amount paid to any other dependant may not exceed three-fourths of the pension prescribed for a wife ; and where no wife or children are so entitled, the amount paid to any other dependant must not exceed the amount of the pension prescribed for a wife. The New Zealand Pensions Authority is a Board con- sisting of three persons, appointed by the Minister (of whom one shall be a registered medical practitioner), who shall hold office for a term of three years, but may from time to time be reappointed. One member shall be appointed by the Minister to be the Chairman of the Board. The Board shall— (a) Determine whether the death or disablement of a member of the Forces in fact resulted from his employ- ment as such member, and, in the case of disablement, the nature and extent thereof ; (b) Determine the extent to which persons alleged to be dependent upon a member of the Forces were in fact so dependent ; (c) Determine the rates of pensions to be paid to mem- bers of the Forces and their dependants ; and (d) Have such other duties as may be prescribed by regulations, provided that any determination of the Board shall be subject to the approval of the Minister. Every determination of the Board shall be expressed by resolution passed at a meeting at which all the mem- bers of the Board are present. The determination of two COLONIAL PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES 223 members of the Board shall be deemed to be the determi- nation of the Board. The New Zealand Discharged Soldiers' Settlement Act, 1916, extends the provisions of the Discharged Soldiers' Settlement Act, 1915, to persons who, being domiciled in New Zealand, have served during the present War with some portion of His Majesty's Naval or Military Forces other than the New Zealand Expeditionary Forces. The Government is empowered to render financial assistance to discharged soldiers who are the lessees or licensees under ordinary tenures of Crown or settle- ment land, or of other land administered by a Crown Land Board. Special provision is made for the acquisition of land that may be acquired for the purposes of the principal Act, and provision is made that any such land may be taken compulsorily under the Public Works Act, 1908, and power is given to acquire land under this section that could not be acquired under the Land for Settlements Act. New Zealand Pension Claims. On January 20, 1917, the Statutory Committee issued a circular (No. 22), at the instance of the High Commissioner for New Zealand, inviting Local War Pensions Committees to co-operate, where necessary, in the investigation of claims arising under the New Zealand War Pensions Act with respect to dependants resident in the United Kingdom of men of the New Zealand contingent. NewZealand Separation Allowances. With the exception of Is. per day to the wives of married soldiers, and 9d. per day for children of members of the Force, there are no other separation allowances granted by the Govern- ment. In the case of a married private or trooper in the New Zealand Forces it is necessary for them to allot a portion of their pay per diem to their wives. Usually they allot 2s. or 3s. per day. SOUTH AFRICAN OVERSEAS CONTINGENT No gratuity is paid on death, discharge, or termination of engagement of Officers corresponding to 497 of the 224 COLONIAL PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES Pay Warrant or A.O. 406/1915. Officers who continue on British rates will draw the gratuity on the same con- ditions as British officers ; but those who receive Union rates of pay are entitled to no gratuity in respect of that period of their service for which they received those rates, but they are entitled to gratuity for that period of service in which they have drawn British rates. In the case of W.O.'s and N.C.O.'s and men, a gratuity forms part of the Union conditions of pay and follows the lines of 1117 P.W., in conjunction with A.O. 427/1914, but the rate is double the ordinary British rate. The gratuity is calculated at British rates for each twelve months served on British rates of pay, but for the twelve months during which any man changes from British to Union rates, the gratuity will be assessed at the rate of £1 per twelve months, and the remaining part of the twelve months at the rate of £2 per twelve months. If the man, before becoming eligible for Union rates, ceases to serve, any gratuity under 1117 (2) P.W. will be assessed at Union rate if the man was serving on Union rates on the date on which he ceased to serve. NEWFOUNDLAND The only allowances which a Newfoundland officer receives from his own Government are the field allowance and mess allowance. In addition to these he is entitled to receive from the Imperial Government accommodation, rations ; and in the case of a mounted officer, horse, forage, etc. When it is impossible to provide these or any other normal issues in kind, he is entitled to receive a money allowance under British Regula- tions. A soldier of the Newfoundland contingent is entitled to the same allowances, and under the same conditions, in lieu of accommodation and rations, as a British soldier, and also to travelling allowance. The pay of the Newfoundland contingent will through- out its service be made by the Newfoundlaud Govern- COLONIAL PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES 225 ment, and will be administered by the Paymaster under his Government Regulations. The scale of separation allowances and the Regula- tions governing their issue are exactly the same as those of the Canadian Government. W.P. 15 NURSES AND WOMEN'S WORK: PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES NURSES' PENSIONS A member of the Nursing Service, or the Nursing Service Reserve, who retires on account of medical unfitness certified as due to or aggravated by Naval or Military service in consequence of the present War, may be granted the pension shown in the Third Schedule of the Pay Warrant 1917, which corresponds to the degree of her disablement as certified. A nurse who is eligible for, or in receipt of a pension under previous specified warrants, may be granted (a) that pension together with that set forth in the last column of the schedule, or (b) the pension provided by that schedule for her rank and degree of disablement, whichever be more favourable. If a nurse's disablement is not permanent, the grant of a pension is temporary unless the permanency of the disablement is established. When made permanent it is not altered on account of any change in her earning capacity, neither is it subject to review except when she claims that there has been a substantial increase in the extent of disablement due to the original cause. Half the pension awarded may be subject to the condi- tion that the recipient shall undergo medical treatment if it is certified that such treatment is necessary. A nurse in receipt of a pension may be granted — (1) A pension at the rate for the highest degree of disablement for any period during which she is certified to require special medical treatment, and a deduction may 226 PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES 227 be made from the pension on account of the cost of main- tenance in any institution in which treatment may be given. (2) Actual necessary medical and other expenses incidental to treatment and subject to such conditions as the Minister of Pensions may determine. (3) If disabled in the highest degree, an allowance not exceeding £52 a year in any case where the constant attendance of a second person is necessary. THE THIRD SCHEDULE PENSIONS TO DISABLED NURSES Disablement Pension. If not Per- entitled to Service Pension. Addition to Degree of Disablement. centage degree of Disable- ment. Principal Matron or Matron- in-Chief. Matron. Staff Nurse or Sister. Service Pension if entitled to such. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) per cent. £ S. £ s. £ £ S. 1 100 175 0 125 0 100 ,75 0 2 80 140 0 100 0 80 '60 0 3 70 122 10 87 10 70 52 10 4 60 105 0 75 0 60 45 0 6 50 87 10 62 10 50 37 10 6 40 70 0 50 0 40 30 0 7 30 52 10 37 10 30 22 10 8 20 35 0 25 0 20 15 0 A pension at the highest degree of disablement may be awarded for any period during which a nurse entitled to pension under these regulations is prevented from earning her living by undergoing training in a technical institution or otherwise, subject to the approval of the Minister of Pensions, and an allowance to cover fees in respect of trail ing as the Minister may determine. If the degree of disablement is assessed at less than 20 per cent, or if it is considered to be more in the interests of the nurse, a gratuity or temporary allowance may be granted in place of any pension. The grant will not 228 NURSES AND WOMEN'S WORK exceed £300, and will depend on the nature of the disable- ment and the other circumstances. A nurse who retires on account of medical unfitness certified to be neither attributable to nor aggravated by Naval or Military service may be granted a gratuity or temporary allowance. This award may amount to a sum not exceeding £200 and will depend on the degree of incapacity and other circumstances of the case. QUEEN ALEXANDRA'S IMPERIAL MILITARY NURSING SERVICE Pay may be granted during leave of absence on account of sickness or injury certified to be due to service, as follows — 1. Full pay for a period of twelve months and half pay for a further period of six months. In exceptional cases the issue of half pay may be extended for a further six months. 2. If the injury or sickness is not caused by service, full pay for six months, but after twenty years' service, two -thirds pay ; if less than twenty years' service, half pay for a further period not exceeding six months. 3. Pay may be awarded for a period of sickness not exceeding thirty days in any one year. 4. A member of the Q.A.I.N.S. who was previously employed in that service, or with the Army Nursing Service, or who, while belonging to the Army Nursing Service Reserve was called up for duty, may reckon the period of such employment towards retired pay. One year's service in a tropical climate counts as two in the case of a nurse placed on retired pay in respect of disability due to such service. 5. Retired pay is calculated at the rate of pay including charge pay at the time of retirement, and is, after ten years' service, 30 per cent, of such pay with an additional 2 per cent, for each year of service in excess of 10 up to a maximum of 70 per cent. 6. Retired pay not exceeding £50 a year may be granted PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES 229 in special cases where the member's qualification is for a less award. If disabled in the service after five but under ten years' service, the amount of retired pay is determined by the Army Council ; but if the period of service is less than five years a gratuity will be awarded. 7. If a member is retired on account of unfitness, she may be awarded a gratuity of one month's pay for each year of service if not eligible for retired pay as above. 8. A member retiring from the service without permis- sion forfeits all claim to retired pay or gratuity. 9. A member may retire at the age of fifty, or after twenty years' service at the age of fifty-five. She may retire on retired pay after ten years' service if permanently unfit for duty through disease or injury. ALLOWANCES: NURSING SERVICE Allowances. With reference to A.O. 4/1917, 3s. Qd. of the new War rate, that is 195. at home and 25s. abroad, board and washing allowance, for nurses, etc., is to be regarded as an allowance for the washing of personal clothing, and will be paid to each nurse, the balance of the allowance being paid to the matron for housekeeping expenses, etc. When free messing or hospital diets are provided, the board and washing allowance is 4s., instead of 3s. 6d. When free messing is provided, and washing of both personal clothing and household linen is done at the public expense, no board and washing allowance is issuable. Q.A.I.M.N.S. Members of this body acting in a higher rank will receive the increments of pay of the rank in which they are acting, and service already given since August 4, 1914, reckons towards increments of pay. V.A.D. Allowances. The uniform allowance for nursing mem- bers and special probationers is at the rate of £2 10s. half-yearly. 230 NURSES AND WOMEN'S WORK Any member of the V.A.D. breaking her engagement within three months of its commencement is required to refund £1 5s. of the allowance. Paid probationers employed on nursing duties in Mili- tary hospitals are to receive uniform allowance at the rate of £2 half-yearly, instead of £1 quarterly. Miscellaneous Allowances. An allowance in lieu of board and washing at the rate of 15«s. per week at a home station, or of 21s. per week at a station abroad, will be granted to each member of the Q.A.I.M.N.S. This allowance will be reduced to 3s. 6d. per week when free messing or hospital diets and extras are provided. A special allowance for the provision of clothing will also be granted, except to the Matron-in- Chief, at the following rates — £ s. d. Annual clothing and cloak allowance abroad . .900 at home . .800 Outfit allowance when proceeding on active service .850 The above allowance in lieu of board and washing and for the provision of clothing will be granted to each mem- ber of the Q.A.I.M.N.S. Reserve while employed at a Military hospital in time of War. WOMEN EMPLOYED ABROAD Medical attendance is provided free and full pay in case of sickness is given for three months while abroad. This may be extended by permission of the War Office. When a woman is returned home sick, home conditions apply from the date of return and she comes under Section 47 of the National Health Insurance Act. She also receives six weeks' full pay. Employees' arrears on insurance cards must be paid if it is desired to remain in benefit. Payment for injury abroad is made in accordance with the Injuries in War Compensation Act, 1914, Session 2. PENSIONS AND ALLOWANCES 231 Q.A.I.M.N.S. RESERVE Contracts Renewed for Six Months. Members of this unit who have completed twelve months' service may renew for an additional six. WOMEN COOKS It is now authorized that wherever soldiers em- ployed under A.C.I. 429 and 1276/1916 can be released for other services, the Women's Legion is prepared to find the necessary substitutes. When women are so employed, Superintendents may be appointed at various rates of remuneration according to the number of cooks and waitresses under their juris- diction. WOMEN COOKS These are supplied by the Women's Legion and include Class A cooks, waitresses, housemaids, laundresses, vegetable women, pantry maids, etc., and are paid at the rate of £26 per annum. Class B includes scrubbers, washers-up, etc., paid at the rate of £20 per annum. THE TRAINING OF WAR WIDOWS OF SOLDIERS AND SAILORS Widows in receipt of a minimum pension under Article 11 or of an alternative pension under Article 14 are eligible for training in some specified occupation. The Ministry of Labour, the Board of Education, Women's Employment Bureaux and the Federation of Women's Trade Unions act in co-operation with the Ministry in determining the trades for which training can be suitably given. There are openings for training in box making, clock and watch repairing, corset making, dental mechanics, machining and blouse making, nursing, and school teaching, elementary and secondary. Arrange- ments are being made by which openings may be found 232 NURSES AND WOMEN'S WORK in the London and provincial drapery stores. Applica- tions should be made to the local War Pensions Com- mittee. So far as possible, facilities for training will be offered in the widow's residential district, though when special circumstances necessitate her living away from home a maintenance allowance up to 125. 6d. per week, in addition to the widow's pension and allowance, can be made. A maintenance allowance will not be sanctioned by the Minister of Pensions unless in any case it can be shown either (a) that the widow is obliged in consequence of her training to give up or forgo a remunerative occupa- tion ; or (b) that she is obliged to live away from her own home during her training, and needs to maintain such home ; or (c) that she has to make provision for the care of a child or children at some pecuniary cost in excess of the allowances payable in respect of such children ; or (d) any other special circumstances justify it. All fees are paid by the Ministry. The period of training usually occupies three months. Local War Pensions Committees are responsible for the widow while training, and, if she has to live away from home, to see that she is suitably lodged, if she is not housed in the institution in which she is being trained. SPECIAL ALLOWANCES Billeting allowances were revised under A.O. 5/1917 as from December 1, 1916, when the following rates came into force — Daily rates payable. To the keeper of a victualling house. To the occupier other than the keeper of a victualling house. 2s. 9rf. for Lodging with attendance and full subsistence as defined by regula- tion. Full daily rate payable for each soldier j 2s. 6d. one soldier, 2s. Gd. for each addi- tional sol- dier. The component items of these total daily rates are as follows, and pay- ment will be made accordingly when the full daily rate is applicable — 1' 9d. for one soldier, 6d. Lodging and attendance. for each additional soldier. Breakfast as specified by regula- 6d. Is. 2d. 4d. Gd. Is. 2d. id. Dinner as so specified Supper as so specified 233 234 SPECIAL ALLOWANCES RANKERS A gratuity, issuable when peace is declared, is payable to men promoted from the ranks. The sum of £200 is paid if while in the ranks they have not rejoined to com- plete twelve years' service, and £300 if they have rejoined. PASSAGES ABROAD A Warrant Officer, N.C.O., or a man who proceeded from abroad to enlist in the forces on the declaration of War, may be granted a passage on his discharge to the place from whence he came. Application must be made by his C.O. to the Officer in Charge of Records. The right to such passage must be exercised within six months from the date of discharge. Army Reservists who rejoined the Colours from abroad on mobilization are eligible for this concession. Men who have been discharged for misconduct or as aliens are not eligible except with War Office approval. FAMILIES OF SOLDIERS IN T.F. QUARTERS It has been decided where a soldier's family is in occupation of such quarters, rent free, and receives the lower rate of separation allowance in consequence, to charge a fair rental for these quarters based upon the accommodation provided and to issue a higher rate of separation allowance to the families of soldiers occupying them. This took effect from September 1, 1916. MERCHANT SEAMEN INTERNED AND PRISONERS OF WAR The maximum allowance payable to the dependants of masters, officers, or seamen of British ships interned in Germany, under the dependants' scheme, is £1 per week. This scheme is purely a voluntary one, promoted in con- nection with the Government Insurance scheme. Mr. G. Roberts, in the House of Commons on February SPECIAL ALLOWANCES 235 19, 1917, said: "The increase in the scale of separation allowances does not apply to officers and seamen interned since the commencement of the War. The amount issu- able is £1 weekly, which must be taken as the maximum." FUNERALS The expenses of a soldier's funeral are by law a first charge against his estate. Under the regulations, when the body of a soldier is removed at the request of his relatives from the station at which he dies for burial at home, the grant admissible from Army funds towards the cost of the funeral, in addition to the cost of the convey- ance of the body, must not exceed the cost to the public at which the funeral could have been carried out by the Military authorities at the station where the death occurred. A grant mayJbe made of an amount which represents the difference between the amount ordinarily admissible in respect of a Military funeral at the station where the death took place and the sum actually expended on the funeral by the local Military authorities. DISTURBANCE ALLOWANCE Allowance for removal at public expense, and grants were as follows — Initial grant to wife . . . . . £3 First child £2 Every other child £1 Compensation as an addition to separation allowance : 4d. for wife, Id. for each child, to take effect from the date of leaving quarters. This grant was instituted in the early days of the War to meet cases in which families on the married establish- ment having, on account of the pressure on accommoda- tion, to vacate public quarters or the lodging list in certain garrison towns to make room for troops. It is now discontinued. A.C.I. 389/1917. 236 SPECIAL ALLOWANCES CLOTHING Army Order 164, 1916, provides that on the death of a soldier all Military clothing in his possession will be returned for reissue, but any necessaries he may have will be sold for the benefit of his estate, and the amount realized credited to his account. Army Order 94 1915, provides that men discharged under Article 392 (XVI) of the King's Regulations as no longer physically fit for War service, or proceeding on furlough pending discharge, must be supplied free with one pair of ankle boots or Highland shoes, one pair of drawers, one Cardi- gan waistcoat, one flannel shirt and two pairs of socks, in addition to suit of civilian clothes, or the sum of 175. Id. in lieu of suit of clothes, and if discharged between October 1 and March 31, a civilian overcoat. By Army Order 184, 1915, the period in which an overcoat may be issued was extended ' during the continuance of the War.' Men, unless discharged for misconduct, or recruits of less than three months' service, whose civilian clothes have been disposed of are entitled to the above. Men transferred to the Reserve are not eligible to receive any suit of civilian clothes or money allowance in lieu thereof. If a man has under three months' service he is not entitled to clothing allowance. A soldier discharged under paragraph 392 Via K.R., that is, under 17 years of age at the date of application for discharge, is not entitled to clothing allowance. PURCHASE MONEY Men who had purchased their discharge from a pre- War attestation may claim a refund of the money to an amount not exceeding £9. In the case of a member of the Territorial Forces, a refund is made only when the soldier undertake Imperial service. A Special Reservist may claim a refund not exceeding £1 105. SPECIAL ALLOWANCES 237 VOLUNTEER FORCE. PAY AND ALLOWANCES If a member of the Volunteer Force is called out for actual Military service in accordance with paragraph 7, Regulations for Volunteer Force, officers and volun- teers are entitled to the following benefits — Pay and Allowance. All ranks receive pay and allow- ance at the rates issuable to the officers and men of corresponding ranks of the Territorial Force. The wives or dependants of N.C.O.'s and men receive separation allowance as issuable to the Territorial Force. Disability pension and pension to widows are issued upon the same lines. | SOLDIERS ENGAGED UPON CIVIL EMPLOY- •••'••;•§ MENT If a soldier is sent upon civil employment, he is paid the usual rate of pay for the work upon which he is engaged, and if the work necessitates his absence from home, separation allowance is payable in addition, les& allotment. The pay he receives must in all cases equal all Army pay and emoluments, including separation allowances. Army Order 205/1915 defines the position of the soldier engaged upon civil employment by saying that ' a soldier so employed shall remain in possession of all his rights and privileges as a soldier in respect of himself, his family and dependants, except that he shall not receive any Army pay and allowances in respect of himself unless his earnings from his civil employment are less than such Army pay and allowances, in which case the balance shall be made good to him in the form of a special allowance (A.O.'s 205/1915 and 48/1916). RATION ALLOWANCE The rate issuable pending admission to hospital i Is. &d. per day. 238 SPECIAL ALLOWANCES Ration allowance is fixed at 2s. Id. per day. 561/17 A.C.I. Ration allowance is issuable in the case of an officer or unmarried soldier granted sick leave at the current rate. To men in receipt of family allowance this is now Is. a day. The rate issuable to a soldier whose wife is in receipt of separation allowance or in respect of whom that allowance is being paid to a dependant Class B is Is. 4d. a day. ALIENS' ALLOWANCES The maximum allowance for British-born wives of interned aliens is in the London area 12s. 6d., and outside London 10• of Infantry Records, master, Cork. *j (Royal Canadians). Cork. The Royal Munster Fusi- j liers. / The King's Royal Rifle (The Officer in Charge The Regimental Pay- Corps. The Rifle Brigade (The Prince Consort's Own). of Infantry Records, Winchester. master, Winchester. Machine Gun Corps . The Officer in Charge of Records, M.G. Corps, The Regimental Pay master, Machine Gun 91, York Street, West- minster, S.W. Corps, Imperial College of Engineering, Prince Consort's Road, South Kensington, S.W. PAYMASTERS, ETC. 423 Full Postal Address of the Officer who ean Supply the Latest Information regarding a Soldier of the Regiment named. Full Postal Address of Paymaster who can give information as to the Family Allowances of a Soldier. ARMY SERVICE COBPS — Horse Transport, Sup- ly and Labour ctions. pl Se Army Veterinary Corps Army Ordnance Corps Army Pay Corps Corps of Military Police. Non-Combatant Corps The Officer in Charge of Army Service Corps Records, Woolwich Dockyard. The Officer in Charge of Army Veterinary Corps Records, Wool- wich. The Officer in Charge of Army Ordnance Corps Records, Red Bar- racks, Woolwich. The Officer in Charge of Records, Army Pay Corps, War Office, London, S.W. The Officer in Charge of Records, Corps of Military Police, Alder- shot. The Officer in Charge of Records, Warwick. Regimental Paymaster, Horse Transport, Supply and Labour Sections, A.S.C., Cambridge Barracks, Woolwich. The Regimental Pay- master, Freemason's Hall, Woolwich. The Regimental Pay- master, Freemason's Hall, Woolwich. The Regimental Pay- master, Freemason's Hall, Woolwich. The Regimental Pay- master, Aldershot. The Regimental Pay- master, Warwick. Royal Defence Corps Officer in Charge of T. F. Records, London Dis- trict, 4, London Wall Buildings, KG. The Regimental Pay- master, Royal Defence Corps, Imperial Col- lege of Engineering, Prince Consort's Road, South Kensington, S.W. 424 PAYMASTERS, ETC. TRAINING RESERVE Brigade. Battalion. Record Office. Paymaster. 1st ... 1 to 5 . York . . . No. 2 York. 2nd ... 6 „ 10 . York . . . „ 1 York. 3rd ... 11 „ 15 . Lichfield . Lichfield. 4th ... 16 „ 20 . Winchester . Winchester. 5th ... 21 „ 24 . Hounslow. . Hounslow. 6th ... 25 „ 28 . Warley . Warley. 7th ... 29 „ 32 . Hounslow Hounslow. 8th ... 33 „ 37 . Exeter Exeter. 9th ... 38 „ 42 . Perth. . . Perth. 10th . . . 43 „ 47 . Warley . . Warley. llth . . . 48 „ 51 . Preston . Preston. 12th . . . 52 „ 56 . Hamilton Hamilton. 13th . . . 57 „ 61 . Shrewsbury . Shrewsbury. 14th . . . 62 „ 66 . Shrewsbury . Shrewsbury. 16th . . . 67 „ 71 . Preston . Preston. 17th . . . 72 „ 76 . Preston . Preston. 18th . . . 77 „ 79 . Hamilton Hamilton. 19th . . . 80 „ 83 . York . . . No. 2 York. 20th . . . 84 „ 87 . York . . . „ 2 York. 21st . . . 88 „ 91 . York . . . „ 1 York. 22nd . . . 92 „ 96 . Warwick Warwick. 23rd . . . 97 „ 102 . Hounslow Hounslow. 24th . . . 103 „ 107 . Hounslow Hounslow. 26th . . . 108 „ 112 . Winchester . Winchester. TERRITORIAL FORCE ASSOCIATIONS County. 1. Aberdeen 2. Aberdeen City 3. Anglesey . 4. Argyll 5. Ayr. 6. Banff 7. Bedford . 8. Berks 9. Berwick . 10. Brecknock 11. Bucks 12. Bute Address. 28, Guild Street, Aberdeen. 2 9 A, St. Nicholas Street, Aberdeen. The Barracks, Carnarvon. Drill Hall, Hanover Street, Dunoon. 6, Wellington Square, Ayr. 6, Castle Street, Banff. 7, Shire Hall, Bedford. Yeomanry House, Castle Hill, Read- ing. 7, Tower Knowe, Hawick. The Armoury, Brecon. 17, St. Mary's Square, Aylesbury. 78, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow. PAYMASTERS, ETC. 425 County. 13. Caithness 14. Cambridge 15. Cardigan . 16. Carmarthen 17. Carnarvon 18. Chester . 19. Clackmannan . 20. Cornwall . 21. Cumberland 22. Denbigh . 23. Derby 24. Devon 25. Dorset 26. Dumbarton 27. Dumfries . 28. Dundee City . 29. Durham . . ^ 30. Edinburgh City 31. Elgin 32. Essex 33. Fife 34. Flint 35. Forfar 36. Glamorgan 37. Glasgow City . 38. Gloucester 39. Haddington 40. Hereford . 41. Hertford . 42. Huntingdon 43. Inverness. 44. Kent 45. Kincardine 46. Kinross . 47. Kirkcudbright . 48. Lanark 49. Lancaster West 50. Lancaster East. 51. Leicester . 52. Lincoln . 53 Linlithgow Address. Waterloo Buildings, Church Street, Cromarty. SA, Princes Street, Ipswich. The Barracks, Carmarthen. The Barracks, Carmarthen. The Barracks, Carnarvon. The Castle, Chester. 18, Bank Street, Alloa. The Armoury, Pydar Street, Truro. Drill Hall, Penrith. Mold, Flint. Drill Hall, Derby. 57, High Street, Exeter. 57, High West Street, Dorchester. County Buildings, Dumbarton. Drill Hall, Dumfries. 13, Panmure Street, Dundee. 53, Old Elvet, Durham. City Chambers, Edinburgh. Drill Hall, Elgin. Market Road, Chelmsford. Kirkcaldy. Mold, Flint. Kirriemuir. 15, Newport Road, Cardiff. 201, West George Street, Glasgow. New Inn Chambers, King Street, Gloucester. Haddington. The Barracks, Hereford. Drill Hall, Hertford. Lieutenancy Office, Huntingdon. Waterloo Buildings, Church Street, Cromarty. Union Street, Maidstone. 28, Guild Street, Aberdeen. Lieutenancy Offices, Kinross. Drill Hall, Dumfries. Muirhall, Hamilton. Eldon Chambers, South John Street, Liverpool. Cross Street, Blackfriars Road, Man- chester. The Magazine, Oxford Street, Leices- ter. Old Barracks, Lincoln. 53, Hanover Street, Edinburgh. 426 PAYMASTERS, ETC. County. 54. London . 55. London City 56. Merioneth 57. Middlesex. 58. Midlothian 59. Monmouth 60. Montgomery 61. Nairn 62. Norfolk . 63. Northampton . 64. Nottingham 65. Northumberland 66. Orkney . 67. Oxford . 68. Peebles . 69. Pembroke 70. Perth 71. Radnor . 72. Renfrew . 73. Ross and Cromarty 74. Roxburgh 75. Rutland . 76. Selkirk . 77. Shropshire 78. Somerset . 79. Southampton . 80. Stafford . 81. Stirling . 82. Suffolk . 83. Surrey 84. Sussex 85. Sutherland 86. Warwick . 87. Westmorland . 88. Wigtown . 89. Wilts 90. Worcester 91. Yorks North Riding, 92. Yorks East Riding 93. Yorks West Riding 94. Zetland Address. Duke of York's Headquarters, Chel- sea. Friar's House, New Broad Street, London, E.G. The Armoury, Welshpool. 15, Pall Mall East, London, S.W. 53, Hanover Street, Edinburgh. 35, Stow Hill, Newport (Monmouth). The Armoury, Welshpool. Waterloo Buildings, Church Street, Cromarty. 21, Tombland, Norwich. Clare Street, Northampton. Derby Road, Nottingham. 6, Eldon Square, Newcastle-on- Tyne. 4, Broad Street, Kirkwall. 20, Magdalen Street, Oxford. 53, Hanover Street, Edinburgh. The Barracks, Carmarthen. 60, Canal Street, Perth. Wylcwm, Knighton. 13, St. James Place, Paisley. Waterloo Buildings, Church Street, Cromarty. 7, Tower Knowe, Hawick. The Magazine, Oxford Street, Leicester. 7, Tower Knowe, Hawick. St. Mary's Court, Shrewsbury. County Territoral Hall, Taunton. 30, Carlton Place, Southampton. Market Square, Stafford. 2, Dumbarton Road, Stirling. SA, Prince's Street, Ipswich. Caxton House, Westminster. 34, West Street, Brighton. Waterloo Buildings, Church Street, Cromarty. 46, High Street, Warwick. Drill Hall, Penrith. Drill Hall, Dumfries. 68, Fore Street, Trowbridge. 16, Silver Street, Worcester. South Parade, Northallerton. Paragon Buildings, Jameson Street, 9, St. Leonards, York. North of Scotland Bank, Lerwick. PAYMASTERS, ETC. COMMAND PAYMASTERS 427 Command Paymaster. Regimental Paymaster within the Command. Eastern Command, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, S.W. Canterbury. Chatham. Dover. Hounslow. Warley. Woolwich. Western Command, Chester . Preston. Shrewsbury. Northern Command, York Lichfield. York. Southern Command, Salisbury Exeter. Warwick. Winchester. Aldershot Command, Aldershot Aldershot (Woking). London District, 168, Regent Street, W. Scottish Command, Edinburgh Hamilton. Perth. Irish Command, Dublin Cork. Dublin. Army Pay Office. Woking (Aldershot) Canterbury . Chatham . Cork . Dover Dublin Exeter Hamilton Hounslow . Lichfield . Perth Preston Shrewsbury Warley Warwick Colonel R. Lieut. -Col. Colonel J. Lieut. -Col. Colonel C. Lieut. -Col. Colonel R. » W. „ c. Lieut. -Col. Colonel W, Paymaster. W. Fanshawe. A. B. Nolan. O'Hara. A. Haynes. N. Richards. C. N. Hunter. P. S. Dyson. A. F. Cooke. W. B. Lauder. H. Q. Pinhorn. S. Ruston. G. C. Feilden. C. Todd. H. de C. Huntsman. G. S. Benson. 428 PAYMASTERS, ETC. Army Pay Office. Paymaster. Winchester . . . Lieut.-Col. E. C. Eicke. Woolwich (Departmental Corps), 107, Upper Thames Street, London .... Woolwich (Army Service Corps), Cambridge Barracks. . Colonel W. Parry. Blackheath York No. 1 York No. 2 Machine Gun and R.D.C., Ken- sington .... London District . A. J. B. Church. J. C. Armstrong, C.M.G. C. I. Scott. A. F. Hamilton-Cox. P. de S. Bass, C.M=G. W. C. Minchin. APPENDIX I THE ROYAL AIR FORCE Cadets. Applicants for cadetship must be 17j^ to 30 years of age ; not over 6 ft. 1 in. in height, and not more than 182 Ib. in weight. The pay on joining is Is. &d. a day, with a messing allowance of Is. a day. Uniform, quarters and rations are provided free. Cadets on joining are posted to a wing or school for training, and are then passed through the various depart- ments. After initial training, cadets are classed A and B according to merit. ' A ' men receive a uniform similar to that of an officer, the value of which is £15. ' A ' men on being posted to squadrons for instruction in flying receive service pay of 7s. 6d. and flying pay of 4:8. a day, while actually receiving instruction. ' B ' men receive service pay of 3s. 6d. and flying pay of Is. a day. Both classes on being commissioned receive 10s. a day service pay and 4s. a day flying pay, and are credited with £35 towards the cost of completing their uniform kit. If required to proceed overseas before graduation is completed, men may be entitled to wear ' wings ' and receive full flying pay, officers at the rate of 8s. a day, and serjeant mechanics at 4s. a day if pilots and 2s. a day if observers. Applications should be made to the Royal Air Force Reception Depot locally. 429 430 APPENDIX I Men. The age of enlistment for the duration of the War is 18 to 41 years of age, but in certain cases men up to the age of 50 may be accepted. Men between 18 and 25 will be accepted for four years' service with the Colours and four in the Reserve, or eight years with the Colours and four in the Reserve. The technical pay ranges from 2s. to 12s. and the non-technical pay Is. 4d. to Is. 6d. a day, according to rank. Boys. — Boys may join the service between the ages of 15 to 17 for eight years with the Colours and four in the Reserve. The pay is Is. a day with the increase of Id. a day under the terms of A.O. 1/1918. Boys are given the rating of third-class mechanics on attaining the age of 18 and receive 2s. a day. On enlistment it is necessary to produce — (a) The written consent of parents or guardians. (6) A certificate of good moral character from a clergy- man or minister of religion. (c) A certificate of birth. (d) A signed statement from a schoolmaster that the applicant has passed Standard VI or an equivalent thereto. The following is a list of the Royal Air Force Reception Depots at which applications may be made — London : 40, Upper Brook Street, Mayfair, W.I. Bristol : 8, Tyndall's Park Road. Cardiff : 12, Newport Road. Birmingham : Carlton Chambers, Paradise Street. Nottingham : Midland Bank Warehouse, King Street. Liverpool : 117, Mount Pleasant. Leeds : 6, Portland Crescent. Newcastle : 10, Sydenham Terrace, North Road. Glasgow : 9, Somerset Place, Sauchiehall Street. APPENDIX II THE AMENDED PENSIONS WARRANT This warrant has effect from May 1, 1918. Its terms may be applied to pensions or gratuities that have been dealt with under previous warrants at the discretion of the Minister of Pensions. The amended pension warrant is a vast improvement upon its predecessor : not only in the scales of awards, but in the conditions governing the issue of pensions which they represent. In the following notes the first numbers given refer to the amended warrant, the latter to that at present in force. 1 (1). 1(1). Disability Pensions. The words 'while suffering impairment ' have been inserted, the apparent intention being to provide for discharged men who have been, or may be, recalled to the Colours. The word * minimum ' has been deleted from this subsection. 1 (2). This is a new paragraph, which reads — ' Except in those cases where the disablement has reached its final condition, a disablement pension shall be temporary, at the rate appropriate to the temporary disablement, and the grant shall be reviewed from time to time until a permanent assessment can be made or the grant ceases. Where a temporary disablement pension, including renewals, does not run beyond one year, a supplementary gratuity up to £5 may be granted at the termination of such pension.' This addition should be read in conjunction with Article 5 (1) and (2), but it should be noted that the supplementary gratuity provided is an additional award. 431 432 APPENDIX II 1 (3). This article is the first paragraph of Article 7 in the present warrant. It will be noticed, however, that the temporary allow- ance or gratuity that may be awarded, though taking the place of pension, is not in lieu of children's allowances. 2 (2). 2 (1). Allowances for Children. The allowances for the children of disabled and pensioned sailors and soldiers, are, under the terms of the amended Warrant, as follows — s. d. For a first child 68 For a second child . . . . .50 For each other child . . . .42 3. 3. Alternative Pensions. An important amendment is made to the regulations governing the issue of alterna- tive pensions by the provision that in the case of a man making application who has lost both arms or both legs, or the sight of both eyes, the average earnings, if any, of which he may be capable will not be taken into con- sideration. 5(1) (6). 5(1) (&). The amended warrant specially provides in this article that the cessation or reduction of any allowance made in respect of the children of a disabled man in receipt of pension may not be taken into consideration in any application for review with the object of the award of an alternative pension. 5 (2). Power to Review Pension. This article is an amendment and provides that the Minister of Pen- sions may at any time review any award that has been made where — (1) A pension has been granted in excess of the appro- priate amount ; or — (2) Where the pension has been obtained by improper means ; or — (3) The award has been made in error. 5 A. Re-enlistment of Pensioner. This article is also an amendment. It provides that a man in receipt of a disability pension who re-enlists, or is granted a com- mission, or is recalled to any of the services, is, while he remains in the service, entitled — APPENDIX II 433 (1) If in receipt of a permanent pension, whether disablement or alternative, to receive such pension, but is not entitled to allowance, in respect of children ; and — (2) If the pension awarded him is temporary he is entitled to receive that pension without allowances for children for the period of the award, when his case will be reviewed. 6 (1). 6 (l). Grants while under Treatment or Training. This article is an addition to the warrant, and is a re- statement of the provisions administered by the Local Committees. Paragraph (a) of the amendment provides — (1) For the maximum disablement pension with scale allowances for children in the case of a man receiving treatment or training and unable in consequence to maintain himself and his family. (2) Where it is necessary that the man should, while receiving treatment or training, live away from home, provision is made in addition for a further allowance in favour of his wife equivalent to the amount issuable on the widows' scale, and also — (3) In the case of a dependant maintained by the man up to the time when his treatment or training commences, an amount equal to assessed dependency up to 105., with allowances for children according to scale. Paragraph (6) provides that an alternative pension may be awarded in place of the above. If, however, the pensioner is a lunatic, the allowance may be reduced by the amount awarded to a dependant who is not a relative of the soldier or by such sum as the Minister of Pensions may determine. 6 (4). This article is an amendment of vast impor- tance, and provides that after a man has completed his training he may receive a grant not exceeding £10, for the purchase of tools if required. 6 (3). 6 (3); 7 (2). Medical Treatment. The provi- sion for the payment of " any charges, fees, or expenses in respect of treatment or training of a disabled man* in receipt of a pension under Article 6 (3) of the present and also of the amended warrant are, under the terms of W.P. 28 434 APPENDIX H Article 7 (2), extended to a man, to whom a gratuity or temporary allowance has been awarded under Article 7 (1). Payment may be made for the period of the War and twelve months afterward. 8(1). 8(1). Temporary Allowances. This is an amend- ment to the payment of 14s. weekly as temporary allow- ance from discharge to the date of the award of pension or gratuity, and provides for the payment of 21s. 6d. per week for four weeks, with scale allowances for chil- dren from the date of discharge. In addition, all charges, fees and expenses in respect of necessary treatment are paid while such temporary allowances are issued. 10 (3). Poor Law Relief. If a widow or dependant (Article 20) is receiving treatment in any institution at the cost, either wholly or in part, of the Poor Law authorities, any award that may have been made her may be administered as the Minister of Pensions may determine. WIDOWS AICD DEPENDANTS 11. 11. Widows. The scale of widows* pensions is unaltered. 12. 12. Children's Allowances (see 14(1)). The allow- ances for children have been increased to the following rates — s. d. For a first child 68 For a second child . . . . .50 For each other child . . . .42 13. 13. Alternative Pension. The alternative pension issuable to a widow is increased from one-half to two- thirds of any amount that might have been awarded the man had he lived and been totally incapacitated from following any employment. 14 (1). 14 (1). Widow's Gratuity. The widow's gratuity of £5 is supplemented by the award of £1 for APPENDIX II 435 each child in respect of whom separation allowance was issued. The widow's gratuity and children's allowance is now issued to the widows of sailors and soldiers whose death was not due to nor aggravated by service. 18(1). 18(1). Motherless and Illegitimate Children. The allowances for motherless children are increased to — 105. for the first child, and 9$. 2d. for each child after the first. 18 (2). 18 (2). The allowance for an illegitimate child is increased to 65. Sd. per week. The allowances may continue beyond the age of 16 and up to 21 years in the case of children or young persons who — (a) Are only in receipt of a nominal wage. (b) Are being educated at secondary schools, technical institutes or universities, or (c) When through mental or physical infirmity the child or young person may be incapable of earning a living, provided that the infirmity existed before the recipient attained the age of 16 years. 19. 19. Separated Wives. A widow who was separ- ated from her husband who contributed to her support may receive a pension of not less than 3«s. 6d. and not more than 135. 9d. per week, with scale allowances for children if maintained by her. 20 (2). 20 (2). Unmarried Wives. The pension issu- able to a woman who has been living with a soldier as his wife — (a) Who has no children ; or — (b) Where children have been removed from her care because of her misconduct, has been increased from 10s. to 155. a week. 21(1). 21(1). Parents and other Dependants. The amendment provides — (a) For the award of a pension of not less than 85. 6d. and not exceeding 155. per week for a parent or parents if dependent on the soldier, and (b) An award within similar limits if 'at any time either or both of the parents is or are incapable of self 436 APPENDIX II (support from age or tinfirmity and in pecuniary need/ The qualifications as to apprenticeship and study, etc., are eliminated (see Pre-War Earnings). 21 (2). (ii). If the amount of pre-War dependence in the case of two or more sons exceeded 15s. a week, or 30s. a week if both parents are alive, a gratuity may be awarded not exceeding a year's pay of the soldiers in question, or the scale issue of separation allowance with allotment. 21 (2). (iii). The amended warrant provides that if a pension is awarded in respect of a son who has been killed after promotion to commissioned rank, any award that may be made in respect of Bother son or sons shall not exceed, with that pension, any award that would have been made upon the scale in the second schedule of the Officers' Warrant ; or if there are two parents, 30s. per week, whichever is the greater. 21 (4). The amended warrant provides that no pen- sion will be awarded a soldier's mother who marries or re-marries after his death. 21 (5). Provides that if a soldier has died of causes not due to, or aggravated by, his Military service, and they were eligible for pension otherwise, a gratuity of an amount not exceeding one year's Military pay or one year's separation allowances with allotment may be awarded the parents of a deceased soldier (cf. Article 15). 22 (1) ; 22 (1). In the amended Warrant the maximum award that may be made the dependant of a soldier has been increased to 13s. 9d. per week. Definitions. 6 (1) (a) the word child and 7 (e) the word children includes the child of any soldier born nine months after the soldier's discharge without regard to the date of his marriage. DEPENDANT A dependant is, in the amended warrant, defined as a person who would, in the case of a deceased soldier, have been wholly or partially maintained by him had he not APPENDIX II 437 4 been prevented from contributing by circumstances beyond his control ' (Part III (5)). PRE-WAR EARNINGS In the calculation of the pension payable to, or in respect of a man who was an apprentice when he enlisted, the standard rate of wages may be substituted for pre-War earnings if the man enlisted before he was 26 years of age, ' and that the man is by reason of his disablement incapable of completing or has completed his apprenticeship.' The italicized words are an amendment and are applic- able to men who when they enlisted were entered at some school, college or university or hospital for the purpose of qualifying for a profession or employment. (Part III [6]). Article 1245 (6) of the Warrant of 1914 is made applic- able to the dependant of a soldier in the same way as to a widow. Article 1246 of the same warrant is also retained as operative. APPENDIX III INCREASE OF THE PENSIONS OF SOLDIERS DISABLED, AND OF THE WIDOWS OF SOLDIERS DECEASED IN CONSEQUENCE OF FORMER WARS A Royal Warrant (cd. 9041) dated April 17, 1918, and effective as from May 1, 1918, sanctions the increase of these awards by the following provisions — 1. Disabled Men. The pension paid under the warrant of 1 91 1 , or under former war warrants, to a man discharged as unfit for further service on account of wounds or injuries in former wars due to Military service, and who by reason of the disablement is now or shall hereafter be totally incapacitated from earning a livelihood, may be increased by the difference between his present rate of pension and the minimum pension which he might have received according to his rank at the time of discharge for the highest degree of disablement under the warrant of March 29, 1917, or any warrant amending it. 2. These increases are subject to the same conditions as the original pensions. 3 Widows' Pensions. The pensions which at the date of this warrant are being paid under the warrant of December, 1914, or under former warrants to the widows of warrant officers, non-commissioned officers and men, may be increased by such sums as will ensure to the widow by way of pension or allowance a total sum of 13^. 9cL a week, including therein any pension or allow- ance she may be receiving from the funds of the Royal Patriotic Fund Corporation, or from any other fund or funds which, in the opinion of the Minister of Pensions, 438 APPENDIX III 43d may have been raised by public subscription. When the widow attains the age of 45, the pension or allowance may be further increased by the weekly amount of Is. 3d. The foregoing is applicable only to such pensions as come within the provision of the warrant dated March 29, 1917, or amending warrants. 4. Children. Allowances for children which may be in course of issue may be continued under former arrange- ments in addition to the widow's pension. APPENDIX IV NAVAL CHEVRONS An Admiralty Order sanctions the wearing of chevrons for service overseas or at sea since August 4, 1914, which are to be worn on uniform. The following are eligible — Officers and men of the Royal Navy, Royal Marines, naval forces of the Dominions, Royal Fleet Reserve, Royal Naval Reserve, Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, and Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve. Officers and men of the Royal Naval Air Service up to April 1, 1918. Officers and men of the mercantile marine serving under special Naval engagements in H.M. ships and auxiliaries. Queen Alexandra's Naval Nursing Service and Reserve, members of the Women's Royal Naval Service. Officiating ministers and civilian medical practitioners and dental surgeons who have given whole-time service. Canteen staff borne on the books of sea-going ships. The service for which the award is eligible is defined as follows — ' Service at sea is service in sea-going ships of war and auxiliaries ; it does not include service in hulks and harbour vessels, nor in harbour craft which are tenders to such vessels, except in those which are employed in mine-sweeping. The service of men as gun's crew in defensively armed merchant ships counts as qualifying service for the award. Service oversea includes all ser- vice outside the United Kingdom, except in the case of officers and men of the Dominions Naval Forces serving 440 APPENDIX IV 441 in their own country. In the case of the latter it includes all service outside their own country. Officers and men of the late Royal Naval Air Service who, although serv- ing in the United Kingdom, were liable for service in the air for offensive or defensive purposes, may count such service as qualifying service. Service in kite bal- loons when embarked in ships will also count.' The date for the award of the first chevron will be August 5, 1914, in the case of those serving at sea or abroad on that date, and in other cases the date on which the individual began or begins qualifying services defined. Additional chevrons are to be awarded as follows — • From January 1, 1915, to December 31, 1917, inclu- sive, on a calendar year basis, that is, one chevron and not more than one for each of the years 1915, 1916 and 1917. The individual must have an aggregate of three months' qualifying service in the calendar year to entitle him to the award for that year. An additional chevron is not to be given for the calendar year in which the first chevron is awarded. Service cannot be added from one calendar year to another. Periods in prison, detention, or in captivity as a prisoner of war, are not to count towards the three months' qualifying service. Note — Should an individual have been wounded on active service and not have the necessary three months' qualify- ing service for the calendar year in which he was wounded, he is, nevertheless, to be awarded the chevron for that year, subject, however, to the condition that more than one chevron cannot be obtained in any one calendar year. From January 1, 1918, onwards, one chevron for each successive aggregate period of twelve months' qualify- ing service. This service need not be continuous. It will include short periods of leave where the individual returns to service at sea or overseas at the conclusion to such leave. Periods of absence without leave, in prison or detention, in hospital from sickness due to avoidable causes, or in captivity as a prisoner of war, are to be excluded in calculating the twelve months required to qualify for an additional chevron. Note — 442 APPENDIX IV No service prior to January 1, 1918, is to count towards the twelve months' qualifying service. The chevrons will be J in. in width, the arms 1J in. long. They will be worn inverted on the right forearm. Chevrons for officers will be of silver or gold braid. The first chevron, if earned on or before December 31, 1914, will be silver ; if earned on or after January 1, 1915, it will be gold, and all additional chevrons after the first will be gold. The silver chevron will be worn below the gold one. For ratings they will be of worsted embroidery of two colours: — red and blue. The first chevron, if earned on or before December 31, 1914, will be red ; if earned on or after January 1, 1915, it will be blue ; and all additional chevrons after the first will be blue. In the case of officers they are to be worn on the blue undress coat only. There will be no posthumous award to fallen officers 01 men. The chevrons may be worn in plain clothes by officers and men who have left the service, but who would, had they remained in the service, have been entitled to wear them on uniform. In such cases application for authority to wear the chevrons must be made. APPENDIX V RATES OF CONSOLIDATED FAMILY ALLOWANCE Bates of consolidated family allowance are considerably varied by recent amendments. Army Order 2/1918 applies only to those soldiers who are in receipt of the ordinary rates of pay as laid down in the warrant of 1914 and subsequent warrants. It does not apply to men in receipt of special rates of pay, i.e., men who enlisted under the terms of Army Orders 282 and 283/1914. This means that the increased rates are only applicable to the men in receipt of the ordinary rates of pay (Army Order 3/1918). A soldier above the rank of private and below that of eerjeant is classed as a private and now receives 21s. 6d. a week, and not 205. 6d. nor 21s. 2d. as shown in Army Order 3/1918 (Army Order 39/1918). A soldier holding the rank of serjeant receives 2 3s. 6d., and not 22s. 6d. (Army Order 3/1918). Paragraph 185 of the Separation Allowance regulation provides that the deduction made from the Civil pay of Civil servants and Government employees should[ be at the rate of the separation allowance issued. This paragraph was amended by Army Order 141 of 1917, which provides that the deduction should be, in the case of a private soldier, 13s. 5d. per week from October to May, and 12s. per week from' June to September. This amendment has now been cancelled by Army Order 2/1918, which provided that the deduction shall be 13s. Qd. 443 444 APPENDIX V It should be noted that these figures are applicable only in the case of a private soldier ; corresponding rates are applicable to men of higher rank. When a soldier is living at home, but messes necessarily away from his home, the rates issuable in the case of the soldier and wife only continue to be those as pre- viously issued in paragraph 175 (B) of the Separation Allowance regulations. APPENDIX VI THE MINISTRY OF NATIONAL SERVICE GRADING Having regard to the scope of the Military Service Act (Session 2), 1918, the general directions for the guid- ance of Commissioners and members of Medical Boards as given in R. 24 are of vast importance. The work of these Boards, and the purpose of their examinations, is to grade men according to their physical and mental fitness. It is instructed that attention must be paid to- — (a) The man's previous health, (6) His actual physical condition, and (c) The work he is doing. The grading is as follows — Grade 1. This grade comprises men of the normal standard of health and strength and are capable of enduring physical exertion suitable to their age. They must not suffer from any organic disease, with certain exceptions specified hereafter, and must have no grave physical disability or deformity. Minor defects, such as of the teeth and of eyesight, which can be removed or compensated for by artificial means, will not be regarded as disqualifications. Grade 1 men are considered fit for general Army service. The older men will be placed in Grade 1 if they possess the full normal physical fitness to be expected of their age. The physical training for the older men in this grade will be carried out under special medical super- vision. Grade 2. Men are placed in this grade who, because of some disability, do not reach the standard of Grade 1. 445 446 APPENDIX VI They are considered to be capable immediately for service at home or garrison duty abroad, and sooner or later for general service. The older men fit for Grade 2 will possess the normal physical fitness of their age. They must not suffer from progressive organic disease, and the physical defects which prevent such men from being placed in the higher grade must not be of such a nature as to diminish seriously their physical activity. They must be able to undergo a considerable degree of physical exertion of a nature not involving severe strain. Grade 3. Men in this grade will be those who, at the time of examination, are not considered fit to undergo Military training as fighting men, but will be fit for one or other of the auxiliary services connected with the Army, or to continue within the Army work on which they are already employed or its equivalent. Examples of men suitable for this grade are those with badly- deformed toes, severe flat-foot, and some cases of hernia and of varicose veins. Other instances of those who should be placed in this grade are indicated later under the headings of the various diseases and disabilities. The third grade will also include those who are fit only for clerical and other sedentary occupations, such as tailoring and boot-making. In this grade will be placed older men with marked physical disabilities or who show evidence of disease which is not active nor of a progressive character at the time of examination. Although not fit to undergo mili- tary training they may be called upon to perform duty in Military establishments under conditions approxi- mating to then* home life and surroundings. The correspondence between the National Service grades of fitness and the classification of men by medical categories is as follows — Grade 1 . . . . . . . Category A Grade 2 . . .... Category B 'i) Grade 3. Fit for auxiliary service with troops Category B (ii) Grade 3. Fit for labour .... Ditto Grade 4. Fit for sedentary occupation . Category B (iii) APPENDIX VI 447 Grade 4. In this grade will be placed those older men whose physical disabilities owing to defects or progressive disease are of such a nature as to render them totally and permanently unfit for any form of Military service. Subject to Military requirements the older men will be posted as follows — 1. Combatant service : Home Defence Infantry, and Garrison Battalions at home and abroad. Royal Field Artillery and Royal Garrison Artillery at home. 2. Auxiliary services at home and abroad, such as : Royal Army Medical Corps, Army Service Corps, e.g., Motor and Horse Transport, Remounts, Supplies, etc., Army Ordnance Corps, Army Veterinary Corps, Inland Water Transport, and Dock, Railway Troops, Roads, and Quarries. Men are required for the following, among many other non-combatant services— 1 . ' Auxiliary service with troops.' This will include those Grade 3 men who are sufficiently active physically and mentally to accompany troops and act, for example, as Sanitary Inspectors, Batmen, Cooks, Storekeepers, Butchers, Clerks; or for various non-combatant duties such as Mechanics, Packers, and with Balloon Parties, Grooms, Drivers, Bakers, Loaders, Accountants, Store- keepers, Dispensers, Cutlers, Operating Room Attendants, Orderlies, men accustomed to the care of horses, Farriers, Shoeing Smiths, etc., etc. 2. ' Labour.' This will include the less mentally alert or older men who are fit rather to work in camps than with moving troops. These men should be able to walk a distance of five miles and be in every respect fit to do the ordinary work of a labourer. Men to be employed as 'Bricklayers, Masons, Carpenters, Joiners and Navvies would be included in this grade. 3. ' Sedentary Occupations.' These will include men who for any reason are unable to walk a distance of five miles. If they have had a fair education and can write legibly they can be made use of as clerks. Appendix IV to this paper provides that the statement that a man has — • 448 APPENDIX VI (a) Received treatment in a sanatorium under the National Health Insurance Commissioners or a responsible medical authority, or (b) Been notified to a Medical Officer of Health under the regulations of the Local Government Board as suffer- ing from consumption, will not in itself disqualify him from being accepted for Military service. APPENDIX VII THE SPECIAL GRANTS COMMITTEE : OFFICERS' REGULATIONS The following regulations should be carefully noted : — Supplementary Grants. Where the exceptional cir- cumstances of the case require it the retired pay of a married, disabled officer may be supplemented by an allowance in respect of each of his children not exceeding £24 a year in addition to any educational allowance, provided that the disability is assessed at more than 50 per cent, as shown in Schedule 1 of the Royal Warrant, Where the exceptional circumstances of the case require it, a pension payable out of public funds to the widow or dependant of an officer may be supplemented by an amount which when added to the State pension (but excluding any educational allowances granted) does not exceed the sum of £150 a year for a widow and £120 a year for a dependant. Educational Grants. Awards may be made— (a) In the case of a child over 5 and under 13 years of age attending a day school, of the school fees to an amount not exceeding £20 a year and a sum not exceeding £5 a year for travelling and necessary expenses. (b) In the case of a child over 13 and under 21 years of age attending a day school, of the school fees to an amount not exceeding £25 a year and a sum not exceeding £10 a year for travelling and necessary expenses. (c) In the case of a child under 21 years of age attending a boarding school or college necessitating residence away from home, of a sum not exceeding £50 a year. Providing that (1) any scholarship or exhibition held W.P. 449 29 450 APPENDIX VII by the child shall be taken into consideration in deter- mining the amount of any such grant ; (2) attendance shall only be sanctioned at a school or institution pro- viding higher education recognized by the Central or Local Education Authority as efficient or specially approved by such authority or by the Special Grants Committee for the purpose ; (3) the payment of the grant should be conditional upon satisfactory reports being received upon the industry and conduct of the child ; and (4) that the amount of any State education allowance shall be deducted from any such grant. Training Allowance. Where the widow, child, or dependant of a deceased officer can be assisted by training for some employment, a grant may be made towards the expenses incurred not exceeding in any one case the sum of £75. An education or training grant may be given in addi- tion to any supplementary or special allowance, although the limit of amount of pre-War income specified maybe exceeded. Where no pension is Issuable. Where no pension is payable out of public funds, or where the pension granted is discounted on grounds other than the unworthiness of the applicant or the unsatisfactory service of the officer, and where the case is one of hardship, an allowance may be granted— (a) To a disabled officer not exceeding £90 a year, with an allowance not exceeding £20 for each child. (b) To a widow not exceeding £75 a year, together with an allowance not exceeding £20 for each child. (c) To the dependants or dependant a sum not exceed- ing the amount of pre-War dependence, or the estimated amount of post- War dependence, as the case may be, with a maximum of £50 a year where there is one dependant and £75 a year where there are two or more dependants. Exceptional Cases. Cases not coming within the terms of these regulations may be considered and allowances made, but no allowance may exceed the maximum which might be granted under the regulations. APPENDIX VII 461 In cases where the circumstances of a sailor, soldier or airman were similar to those of officers, an allowance may be granted to his widow, child or dependant, or to the man if disabled, upon the scale applicable to officers. Unmarried Wives and Illegitimate Children. To the illegitimate child of an officer an allowance not exceeding 5s. a week may be made in addition to any education allowance that may be granted under the regulations. Provided that— (i.) No case shall be considered unless the death or disablement of the officer was due to circumstances arising from service during the present War. (ii.) That in considering the amount of any grant the earnings or earning capacity, the annual value of any gratuity that may have been granted, and any other income shall be considered. Emergency Grants. In exceptional cases grants may be made to meet cases of temporary distress or emer- gency, but in no case may such grant exceed a sum of £25. Advances. Advances may be made in cases of real necessity not exceeding £10 per month for more than six months. The sum advanced is recoverable from the accrued arrears of such pension or from gratuity when paid, but not otherwise. Application for allowances or grants should be headed S.G.O., and should be addressed to The Secretary, Ministry of Pensions, Westminster House, Millbank, London, S.W.I. INDEX PAGE Absentees 403 Addresses ...... 115,409-418 Paymasters' 419-428 Administration, The Present . . . .15 Advances . . . . . . 56, 57, 58 Allowances : Attendants 133 Boys in Military Schools 123 Children, Illegitimate 150 Motherless 149 Officers' 95 Officers' 109 Temporary . . . . . . 134, 434 Separation (Army) : Advances . . . . . . 56, 57, 58 Allotments 71, 72 Allotment necessary . . . . .32, 43 Appeals . . . . . 79 Application Forms ..... 40 Birth Certificates 32 Children, Birth of 42 Dependants' 69 Motherless, etc. . . .35, 49, 52, 59 Rate-aided Institutions . . . .37,50 Civil Employment . . . .52, 56, 58 Civil Servants 37 Claims, Belated 41 Colonial 63-66 453 454 INDEX PAGE Allowances, Separation (Army) — continued: Composite 52 Death of Payee, on 40,72 Dependants. . . . . . .67-79 Disagreement, in case of (Claims), v .42 Discharged and Missing Men ... 47 Family Allowance .... 59-63, 443 Families in Public Quarters . . .57,58 Furlough 54 Hospital, Men in 53 Increase of . . . . . . .50 Invalided Soldiers ..... 56 Issued, when and how. . . 31,32,37,74 London ....... 39 Maintenance Order 50,70 Married Establishment, The. ... 32 Marriage, Intention of . . . .41 Misconduct, in case of. . . . .39 Overpayments 43 Payments, where made .... 65 Promotion ....... 54 Rate-aided Institutions . . .37, 38, 60 Regulations. ...... 55 Reserve Units 52, 56 Scales : Colonial 63-66 Present, The 33 Pre-War, The 33 Wives and Children 34-36 Stoppages, Authorized by Army Act . . 46 Transfer on Death of Payee ... 72 Wives, Children and Step-children . . 48 Wives in India 55 Separated 49 Separation (Navy) , 80 Family (Coastguard) 90 Regulations 84-90 Wives and Children, Scale A . . .81 Scale B 82 INDEX 455 PAGE Allowances, Special : Age of Soldier 245 Aliens 238 Billeting 233 Canteen Committee Employees . . .240 Cadet Units 243, 244 Civil Employment, Soldiers . . . .237 Clothing 236, 351 Discharges ....... 244 Disturbance ...... 235 Families in T.F. Quarters .... 234 Fuel and Light 241 Funerals 235 Furlough 242 Gratuities . . . „ . . .245 Passage Abroad ...... 234 Purchase Money . . . . . .236 Merchant Seamen interned, etc. . . . 234 Old Age Pensions .... 239,240 Rankers 234 Railway Warrants (Medical Exam.) . . 239 Ration 237 Remittances, Soldiers' . . . . .240 Supplementary : Advances Recoverable . . . .256 Alternative Pension (Assessment) . . 287-297 Civil Liabilities' Grants . . . 247-254 Conditions 275 Dependants 258,271 Employment, Treatment and Training. . 298 Grants — Educational 273 Emergency 263 Etc., Regulations 255 Gratuities ....... 245 Officer's, Promotion from old Army . . 254 Post-War Dependence 271 Pensions refused or discontinued . . .272 Rent . . . ... . . .257 Special Grants Committee's Reg. . . 255, 267 456 INDEX PAGE Allowances, Supplementary — continued : Special, where no State S.A. granted . .260 Supplementary 258 Treatment and Training . . . .282 Volunteer Force 237, 239 Widows' 270 Wife's Allowance 258 Artificial Limbs, Pay awaiting . . . .136 Bounties A.O. 86-1916 351 A.O. 209-1916 . . . . . 352, 357 A.O. 398-1914 350 A.O. 409-1914 351 Class W. Reserve .365 Condition of Service ..... 349 Men enlisted for Duration of War . . .357 Men in Naval Units . . . . .357 Men re-enlisted 356 Men retained 355 Method of Payment . . . . .355 National Reserve ...... 349 Regulations 358 Scale, The .353 T.P. Attestations 356 When Issuable . . . . . .352 When not Issuable 353 Cadet Units ....... 243 Canteens . . . . . . . . 240 Chelsea Commissioners . . . . . 9 Chelsea Hospital ...... 9 Chelsea Pensioners . . . . . .10 Children's Allowances. . . . . .149 Illegitimate . 150 Motherless . . . . . . .149 Re-marriage of Mother . . . . .150 Colonial Pensions and Allowances . . .201 Australia 215 INDEX 457 PAGE Colonial Pensions and Allowances — continued: Canada .... ... 201 Newfoundland . . . . . .224 New Zealand 219 S. Africa 223 Commissions after Re-enlistment. . . . 109 Committees : The Joint .12 The Local 12 Special Grants 13,255,267 The Statutory 11 Commutation of Pensions . . . . .123 Compensation or Injury, Volunteers' . . .146 Conduct, Unworthy . . . . . .123 Deductions 327, 392 Dependants' and Widows' Pensions . . . 147 Disability, Increasing 28 Discharges 137,246 Field Punishment . . . . 394 Furlough, S.A 54 Grants : Civil Liabilities 247 Educational ....... 273 Emergency . . . . . .263 Officers', etc 96 Regulations governing Issue of ... 255 Gratuities . ...... 245 Officers (Army) 104 „ (Navy) .... 168, 170 182 Widows 148 Wound 103 Graves, Registration of ..... 240 Hospital, Admission of Discharged Men . . 325 Deductions (Army) . . . . . 327 458 INDEX PAGE Hospital, Admission of Discharged Men — (continued) : Deductions (Navy) . . . . 198,321,327 Furlough from 326 Men in 325 Payment on leaving ..... 326 Treatment ....... 326 Visitors to Men 326 Insurance : A.S. 183 310 Benefits, where not issuable . . . .318 Contributions 303, 305 Contributions, Civilian 305 Discharged Men, Death, etc. . 305,308,312,317-320 Maternity Benefits .... 307,316,320 Membership ....... 317 Munition Workers 305, 320 Naval Ratings . . . . 314,315 Reserve Officers 304 To whom the Act applies . . . 303, 315 Lunatics ........ 145 Medals and Distinctions .... 379-381 Chevrons (Naval) 440 Chevrons for Over-seas Service . . . 383 Silver War Badge 381 Munition Workers . .... 344r-347 National Reserve : A.C.I. 2429-1916 368 Classification 359, 360 Class " P " 364 Class " T " 367 Class "W" 365-371 Class "W" Miners 368 Class " W " Munition Workers . . 368 INDEX 459 National Reserve — continued : Pay, etc., on Mobilization Extra Flying Corps Reserve Units, Additional Special Reservists PAGK 360, 362, 364 . 362 . 364 . 364-391 361 National Service, Concessions to Discharged Men 396 National Service Grading M.S. A. (Session 2-1918) 445 Naval Pay, Increase of ..... 333 Naval Pensions (Men) . . . . .189 Compassionate Allowances . . . .177 Educational Allowances . . . . .177 Dependants' Allowances . . . . .191 Fleet Auxiliaries 190 Hospital Deductions . . . . .198 Injury 190 Mercantile Marine . . . . . . 194 Naval Discipline Act . . . 187, 198 Naval Notes 200 Royal Naval Reserve Trawlers . . .197 Service ........ 171 Nurses and Women's Work .... 226 Allowances, Nursing Service . . . .229 Disablement Pension Scale .... 227 Cooks 231 Q.A.LM.N.S 228-231 V.A.D. 229 Officers (Army) : Allowances Commutation of Pension. Demobilization Disablement, First Schedule Gratuities Wound Pay, Increase of Retired 109-112 . 114 . 113 . 102 96, 104 103,104 115-122 102-106 460 INDEX PAGE Officers (Army) — continued : Pensions (Army), The Warrant ... 92 Allowances for Children .... 95 Definitions ....... 101 Dependants 97-101 Ministry of, Instructions .... 92 Recalled to Service .... 107,108 Re-enlisted Men commissioned . . .109 Special Grants Committee's Regulations . 449 Treatment, Grants during .... 96 Widows 122 Widows and Children, Second Schedule . 103 Widows, Information for . . . .122 Officers (Navy) 155-188 Allowances, Compassionate . . . .177 Educational 177 Compensation Scheme (Merchant Service) 192-195 Disablement Schedule and Children's Allowances 159-167 Deductions . . . v . . .181 Dependants . . . . . . .155 Desertion . . . . . . .187 Marine Officers . . . . 169-176 Pay, Retired . . . . . . .166 Rank, Acting 189 Recalled 175 Regulations 179-187 Retiring 187 Royal Naval Reserve 186 Royal Transport Service . . . 180, 181 Scales 176, 181, 188 Schedule . . . . . . .170 Service .... . . . 184-188 Taxation 187 Warrant 177-188 Warrant Rank 161 Widows and Children, etc. . . . 155-159 Widows' Scale 167 INDEX 461 Pay and Allowances : PAGE Agricultural Companies .... 336, 339 Artificial Limbs, awaiting . . . .136 Engineering Quarrying Companies . . .337 Increase of (Army) .... 329-333 (Naval) 333 Military Police 343 Non-Combatant Corps . . . . .340 Munition Workers .... 344-347 Proficiency 333 Special Rates of . . . . , 341-343 Transfers 337, 33& Transport Workers Battalion . . . 336, 33& Working 336 Pensions and Allowances : Adequacy of 18-30- Appeals. 147 Attendants 133 Alternative .... 126, 148, 287, 295 Artificial Limbs awaiting . . . .136 Colonial 201 Chelsea 10 Children's Allowances . . . . .149 Motherless 149 Re-marriage of Mother . « . . 15O Claim to 135 Classification 125 Date of Award 134 Dependants 151-154 Disablement 124-136 Scale 127 Discharged Soldiers 137-142- Financial Instructions 143 Former Wars, Increase of ... Gratuities ...... Lunatics ...... Ministry of 10, 14 Naval (Men) Officer's (Army), The Warrant (Navy) 438 145 15, 184 92" 155 462 INDEX PAGE Pensions and Allowances — continued : Paupers 145 Permanent 126, 135 Retiring . . . . . . .189 Service 135, 142, 143 Treatment, Teeth, etc., Discharged Men . 126, 137 Volunteers . . . . . . .146 War Department Vessels. . . . 195, 197 Warrant, The Old and New, a Comparison . 129 Widows and Dependants. . . . 147, 148 Pre-War Earnings . . . . . .270 Prisoners ........ 270 Purchase Money . . . . . .236 Re-engagements and Retentions : Army Act, Section 84 372 D Section Reservists 373 Leave of Absence ...... 376 Long Service and Good Conduct Medal . . 375 Rank on Re-enlistment ..... 375 Service with the Colours. . . . 373 Service Pension .... 374, 376, 377 Time-expired Men, Furlough .... 374 Reforms needed ..... 16-30 Re-marriage, Children . . . . .150 Re-marriage, Duration of Pension . . .153 Royal Air Force 429 Regulations, Special ..... 238 Taxation, Naval Pensions . . . .187 Training of War Widows of Soldiers and Sailors 231 Treatment and Training 276 Allowances . . . . . . .282 Aural Board, Special . . . . .301 Demobilization ...... 302 Employment of Disabled Men . . . 298 Institutional Treatment, Committee on. . 302 Neurasthenics, Home of Recovery for . . 300 Sir Henry Norman's Report . . . 297 Tuberculosis, Men suffering from . . 238, 239 INDEX 463 PAGE Tuberculosis . . . . . . .143 Volunteers, Compensation for Injury . . .146 War Department Vessels, Crews of . . 195, 197 War Organizations and Committees . . 401-418 War Legislation : Absentees ....... 395 Army Act, The 392 Courts Emergency Act ..... 386 Death Duties Act 392 Debts . 392 Execution of Trusts Act . . . .391 Field Punishment 394 Increase of Rent, etc., Act . . . .388 National Service, Concession to Discharged Men 396 Retentions in Time of War . . . .394 Warrant, The Amended .... 431-437 The New Pay 16 The Old, a Comparison 139 Royal 1914 20 Widows and Dependants .... 147-154 Allowances, Children, etc. . . . .149 Gratuity 148 Officers' and Warrant Officers* . . .122 Pensions . . ... . . .147 Army, Alternative . . . . .148 Temporary . . . . . .148 Naval 191 Training 231 Allowances . . . . . . .148 Women's Work and Nurses . . . .226 Allowances 229 Cooks 231 Disablement Pension . . . . .227 Q.A.LM.N.S 229 Women employed abroad .... 320 Printed l>v Butler & Tanner, Promt ml London. RETURN TO: CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT 198 Main Stacks LOAN PERIOD 1 Home Use 2 3 4 5 6 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS. Renewals and Recharges may be made 4 days prior to the due date. Books may be renewed by calling 642-3405. DUE AS STAMPED BELOW. OCT28 2002 FORM NO. DD6 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 50M 5-02 Berkeley, California 94720-6000 OAH2 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY